Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering and genuine tripartite entanglement with optical networks

Abstract

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox established a link between entanglement and nonlocality in quantum mechanics. EPR steering is the nonlocality associated with the EPR paradox and has traditionally only been investigated between two parties. Here, we present the first experimental observations of multipartite EPR steering, and of the genuine tripartite continuous variable entanglement of three mesoscopic optical systems. We explore different linear optics networks - each one with optimised asymmetries - that create multipartite steerable states containing different numbers of quantised optical modes (qumodes). By introducing asymmetric loss on a 7-qumode state, we characterize 8 regimes of directional steering, showing that N + 1 regimes exist for an N-qumode state. Further, we reveal the directional monogamy of steering, and experimentally demonstrate continuous variable one-sided semi device-independent quantum secret sharing. Our methods establish principles for the development of multiparty quantum communication protocols with asymmetric observers, and can be extended to qubits, whether photonic, atomic, superconducting, or otherwise.

7 pages, 4 figures. Comments are most welcome. Edited version to appear Jan 2015 in peer-reviewed journal

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• Quantum correlations and entanglement in a model comprised of a short chain of nonlinear oscillators
• Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering measure for two-mode continuous variable states
• Temporal Steering in Four Dimensions with applications to coupled qubits and magnetoreception
• Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering and Quantum Steering Ellipsoids: Optimal Two-Qubit States and Projective Measurements
• Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in a hybrid bipartite system
• Investigating Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering of continuous variable bipartite states by non-Gaussian pseudospin measurements
• Continuous-variable entanglement of two bright coherent states that never interacted
• Swapping of Gaussian Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering
• Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering and Bell nonlocality of two macroscopic mechanical oscillators in optomechanical systems
• Genuine multipartite nonlocality of permutationally invariant Gaussian states
• Weaving and neural complexity in symmetric quantum states
• Experimental demonstration of complementarity relations between quantum steering criteria