The Unity of Cosmological Attractors

Abstract

Recently, several broad classes of inflationary models have been discovered whose cosmological predictions are stable with respect to significant modifications of the inflaton potential. Some classes of models are based on a non-minimal coupling to gravity. These models, which we will call $\hat{I}¾$-attractors, describe universal cosmological attractors (including Higgs inflation) and induced inflation models. Another class describes conformal attractors (including Starobinsky inflation and T-models) and their generalization to $\hat{I}\pm$-attractors. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the common denominator of these models: their attractor properties stem from a pole of order two in the kinetic term of the inflaton field in the Einstein frame formulation, prior to switching to the canonical variables. We point out that $\hat{I}\pm$- and universal attractors differ in the subleading corrections to the kinetic term. As a final step towards unification of $\hat{I}¾$ and $\hat{I}\pm$ attractors, we introduce a special class of $\hat{I}¾$-attractors which is fully equivalent to $\hat{I}\pm$-attractors with the identification $\hat{I}\pm =1+\frac{1}{6\hat{I}¾}$. There is no theoretical lower bound on $r$ in this class of models.

6 pages 1 figure, Refs + minor clarifications added