Age dependent modes of extensional necking instability in soft glassy materials

Abstract

We study the instability to necking of an initially cylindrical filament of soft glassy material subject to extensional stretching. By numerical simulation of the soft glassy rheology model and a simplified fluidity model, and by analytical predictions within a highly generic toy description, we show that the mode of instability is set by the age of the sample relative to the inverse of the applied extensional strain rate. Young samples neck gradually via a liquid-like mode, the onset of which is determined by both the elastic loading and plastic relaxation terms in the stress constitutive equation. Older samples fail at smaller draw ratios via a more rapid mode, the onset of which is determined only by the solid-like elastic loading terms (though plastic effects arise later, once appreciable necking develops). We show this solid-like mode to be the counterpart, for elastoplastic materials, of the Considère mode of necking in strain-rate-independent solids.

arXiv comment5 Pages, 4 Figures (4 extra pages of supplementary material included); v2 has extra supplemental information and a corrected reference; v3 has some minor corrections

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• Criteria for extensional necking instability in complex fluids and soft solids. Part II imposed tensile stress and force protocols
• Necking after extensional filament stretching of complex fluids and soft solids
• Necking instabilities in elasto-viscoplastic materials
• Non-equilibrium pathways between cluster morphologies in active phase separation: necking, rupture and cavitation