On How to Extend the NIR Tully-Fisher Relation to be Truly All-Sky

Abstract

Dust extinction and stellar confusion by the Milky Way reduce the efficiency of detecting galaxies at low Galactic latitudes, creating the so-called Zone of Avoidance. This stands as a stumbling block in charting the distribution of galaxies and cosmic flow fields, and therewith our understanding of the local dynamics in the Universe (CMB dipole, convergence radius of bulk flows). For instance, ZoA galaxies are generally excluded from the whole-sky Tully-Fisher Surveys ($|b|\le 5^{\circ }$) even if catalogued. We show here that by fine-tuning the near-infrared TF relation, there is no reason not to extend peculiar velocity surveys deeper into the ZoA. Accurate axial ratios ($b/a$) are crucial to both the TF sample selection and the resulting TF distances. We simulate the effect of dust extinction on the geometrical properties of galaxies. As expected, galaxies appear rounder with increasing obscuration level, even affecting existing TF samples. We derive correction models and demonstrate that we can reliably reproduce the intrinsic axial ratio from the observed value up to extinction level of about $A_J\simeq 3$ mag ($A_V\sim 11$ mag), we also recover a fair fraction of galaxies that otherwise would fall out of an uncorrected inclination limited galaxy sample. We present a re-calibration of the 2MTF relation in the NIR $J$, $H$, and $K_s$-bands for isophotal rather than total magnitudes, using their same calibration sample. Both TF relations exhibit similar scatter at high Galactic latitudes. However, the isophotal TF relation results in a significant improvement in the scatter for galaxies in the ZoA, and low surface brightness galaxies in general, because isophotal apertures are more robust in the face of significant stellar confusion.

12 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (15)

• The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies
• Kinematics of the Local Universe XIII. 21-cm line measurements of 452 galaxies with the Nançay radiotelescope, JHK Tully-Fisher relation and preliminary maps of the peculiar velocity field
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: the B-band attenuation of bulge and disc light and the implied cosmic dust and stellar mass densities
• The Tully-Fisher Relation and Its Residuals for a Broadly Selected Sample of Galaxies
• Reconstructed Density and Velocity Fields from the 2MASS Redshift Survey
• SFI++ I: A New I-band Tully-Fisher Template, the Cluster Peculiar Velocity Dispersion and H0
• Deep Near-IR Surface Photometry of 57 Galaxies in the Local Sphere of Influence
• 2MTF IV. A bulk flow measurement of the local Universe
• The Calibration of the WISE W1 and W2 Tully-Fisher Relation
• 2MTF III. HI 21cm observations of 1194 spiral galaxies with the Green Bank Telescope
• Dynamical Constraints on the Local Group from the CMB and 2MRS Dipoles
• The highly obscured region around PKS1343-601 - I. Galactic interstellar extinctions using DENIS galaxy colours
• Deep NIR photometry of HI galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance
• Cosmic Flows surveys and CLUES simulations
• Deep NIR Photometry of HI Galaxies Behind the Milky Way

Cited by in corpus (6)

• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• SH$\alpha$DE: Survey description and mass-kinematics scaling relations for dwarf galaxies
• NIR Tully-Fisher in the Zone of Avoidance. -- III. Deep NIR catalogue of the HIZOA galaxies
• Calibration of the Tully-Fisher relation in the WISE W1 ($3.4\mu \mathrm{m}$) and W2 ($4.6\mu \mathrm{m}$) Bands
• The $K_s$-band luminosity function of the rich cluster VC04 in the Vela supercluster
• Variation Of The Tully-Fisher Relation As A Function Of The Magnitude Interval Of A Sample Of Galaxies