Upper and Lower Bounds for Numerical Radii of Block Shifts

Abstract

For any $n$-by-$n$ matrix $A$ of the form \[[\begin{array}{cccc} 0 & A_1 & & \\ & 0 & \ddots & \\ & & \ddots & A_{k-1} \\ & & & 0\end{array}],\] we consider two $k$-by-$k$ matrices \[A'=[\begin{array}{cccc} 0 & \|A_1\| & & \\ & 0 & \ddots & \\ & & \ddots & \|A_{k-1}\| \\ & & & 0\end{array}] \ {and} \ A''=[\begin{array}{cccc} 0 & m(A_1) & & \\ & 0 & \ddots & \\ & & \ddots & m(A_{k-1}) \\ & & & 0\end{array}],\] where $\Vert \cdot \Vert$ and $m(\cdot )$ denote the operator norm and minimum modulus of a matrix, respectively. It is shown that the numerical radii $w(\cdot )$ of $A$, $A^{\prime }$ and $A^{\prime \prime }$ are related by the inequalities $w(A^{\prime \prime })\le w(A)\le w(A^{\prime })$. We also determine exactly when either of the inequalities becomes an equality.

12 pages