Investigation of defect cavities formed in three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystals

Abstract

We report the optimisation of optical properties of single defects in three-dimensional (3D) face-centred-cubic (FCC) woodpile photonic crystal (PC) cavities by using plane-wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods. By optimising the dimensions of a 3D woodpile PC, wide photonic band gaps (PBG) are created. Optical cavities with resonances in the bandgap arise when point defects are introduced in the crystal. Three types of single defects are investigated in high refractive index contrast (Gallium Phosphide-Air) woodpile structures and Q-factors and mode volumes ($V_{eff}$) of the resonant cavity modes are calculated. We show that, by introducing an air buffer around a single defect, smaller mode volumes can be obtained. We demonstrate high Q-factors up to 700000 and cavity volumes down to $V_{eff}<0.2(\lambda /n{)}^3$. The estimates of $Q$ and $V_{eff}$ are then used to quantify the enhancement of spontaneous emission and the possibility of achieving strong coupling with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centres in diamond.

arXiv comment12 pages, 11 figures

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• Multimode Ultrastrong Coupling in Three-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal Cavities
• Strong Light Confinement in Rod-Connected Diamond Photonic Crystals
• Modelling Defect Cavities Formed in Inverse Three-Dimensional Rod-Connected Diamond Photonic Crystals
• Thermal Shrinkage-Induced Modifications in Photonic Band Gaps of Two-Photon Polymerized Bragg Reflectors
• Symmetries and Wavefunctions of Photons Confined in 3D Photonic Band Gap Superlattices