Thermoelectric Corrections to Quantum Voltage Measurement

Abstract

A generalization of Buttiker's voltage probe concept for nonzero temperatures is an open third terminal of a quantum thermoelectric circuit. An explicit analytic expression for the thermoelectric correction to an ideal quantum voltage measurement is derived, and interpreted in terms of local Peltier cooling/heating within the nonequilibrium system. The thermoelectric correction is found to be large (up to +-24% of the peak voltage) in a prototypical ballistic quantum conductor (graphene nanoribbon). The effects of measurement non-ideality are also investigated. Our findings have important implications for precision local electrical measurements.

arXiv comment5 pages, 3 figures

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• Cold spots in quantum systems far from equilibrium: local entropies and temperatures near absolute zero
• The thermodynamic meaning of local temperature of nonequilibrium open quantum systems
• Effect of incoherent scattering on three-terminal quantum Hall thermoelectrics
• The third law of thermodynamics in open quantum systems
• Effect of quantum resonances on local temperature in nonequilibrium open systems
• Scanning Tunneling Thermometry
• Quantum Interference Supernodes, Thermoelectric Enhancement, and the Role of Dephasing
• Emergence of the 2nd Law in an Exactly Solvable Model of a Quantum Wire