Mid-IR Spectra of Type Ia SN 2014J in M82 Spanning the First Four Months

Abstract

We present a time series of 8 - 13 $\mu$m spectra and photometry for SN 2014J obtained 57, 81, 108, and 137 d after the explosion using CanariCam on the Gran Telescopio Canarias. This is the first mid-IR time series ever obtained for a Type Ia supernova. These observations can be understood within the framework of the delayed detonation model and the production of $\sim$0.6 ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ of ${}^{56}$Ni, consistent with the observed brightness, the brightness decline relation, and the $\gamma$-ray fluxes. The [Co III] line at 11.888 $\mu$m is particularly useful for evaluating the time evolution of the photosphere and measuring the amount of ${}^{56}$Ni and thus the mass of the ejecta. Late-time line profiles of SN 2014J are rather symmetric and not shifted in the rest frame. We see Argon emission, which provides a unique probe of mixing in the transition layer between incomplete burning and nuclear statistical equilibrium. We may see [Fe III] and [Ni IV] emission, both of which are observed to be substantially stronger than indicated by our models. If the latter identification is correct, then we are likely observing stable Ni, which might imply central mixing. In addition, electron capture, also required for stable Ni, requires densities larger than $\sim$$1\times 10^9$ g cm${}^{-3}$, which are expected to be present only in white dwarfs close to the Chandrasekhar limit. This study demonstrates that mid-IR studies of Type Ia supernovae are feasible from the ground and provide unique information, but it also indicates the need for better atomic data.

20 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (6)

• Extensive HST Ultraviolet Spectra and Multi-wavelength Observations of SN 2014J in M82 Indicate Reddening and Circumstellar Scattering by Typical Dust
• The rise of SN2014J in the nearby galaxy M82
• SN 2005hj: Evidence for Two Classes of Normal-Bright SNe Ia and Implications for Cosmology
• Thermonuclear Supernovae: Probing Magnetic Fields by Late-Time IR Line Profiles
• Low Carbon Abundance in Type Ia Supernovae
• Near-infrared line identification in type Ia supernovae during the transitional phase

Cited by in corpus (19)

• Light and color curve properties of type Ia supernovae: Theory vs. Observations
• Late-time near-infrared observations of SN 2005df
• A JWST Near- and Mid-Infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx
• Physical Dust Models for the Extinction toward Supernova 2014J in M82
• JWST Low-Resolution MIRI Spectral Observations of SN~2021aefx: High-density Burning in a Type Ia Supernova
• ASASSN-15hy: an under-luminous, red 03fg-like type Ia supernova
• Measuring an off-Center Detonation through Infrared Line Profiles: The peculiar Type Ia Supernova SN~2020qxp/ASASSN-20jq
• Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernova explosion models compared to JWST observations of SN 2021aefx
• A Physical Basis for the H-band Blue-edge Velocity and Light-Curve Shape Correlation in Context of Type Ia Supernova Explosion Physics
• Observations of Type Ia Supernova 2014J with FLITECAM/SOFIA
• Time series of high resolution spectra of SN 2014J observed with the TIGRE telescope
• Optical and Near-Infrared Observations of the Nearby Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv
• Physics of Thermonuclear Explosions: Magnetic Field Effects on Deflagration Fronts and Observable Consequences
• The Core Normal Type Ia Supernova 2019np: An Overall Spherical Explosion with an Aspherical Surface Layer and an Aspherical 56Ni Core
• The Late-Time Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae: Confronting Models with Observations
• Type Ia Supernova Progenitor Properties and Their Host Galaxies
• Galactic Positrons from Thermonuclear Supernovae
• The Search for Stable Nickel: Investigating the Origins of Type Ia Supernovae with Late-time NIR Spectroscopy from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II
• CanariCam Mid-Infrared Drift Scanning: Improved Sensitivity and Spatial Resolution