Stability analysis and future singularity of the $m^{2}R{\square }^{-2}R$ model of non-local gravity

Abstract

We analyse the classical stability of the model proposed by Maggiore and Mancarella, where gravity is modified by a term $\sim m^{2}R{\square }^{-2}R$ to produce the late-time acceleration of the expansion of the universe. Our study takes into account all excitations of the metric that can potentially drive an instability. There are some subtleties in identifying these modes, as a non-local field theory contains dynamical fields which yet do not correspond to degrees of freedom. Since some of them are ghost-like, we clarify the impact of such modes on the stability of the solutions of interest that are the flat space-time and cosmological solutions. We then find that flat space-time is unstable under scalar perturbations, but the instability manifests itself only at cosmological scales, i.e. out of the region of validity of this solution. It is therefore the stability of the FLRW solution which is relevant there, in which case the scalar perturbations are known to be well-behaved by numerical studies. By finding the analytic solution for the late-time behaviour of the scale factor, which leads to a big rip singularity, we argue that the linear perturbations are bounded in the future because of the domination of Hubble friction. In particular, this effect damps the scalar ghost perturbations which were responsible for destabilizing Minkowski space-time. Thus, the model remains phenomenologically viable.

19 pages, 4 figures, technical details/references added, version accepted for publication in JCAP

References in corpus (12)

• Unified cosmic history in modified gravity: from F(R) theory to Lorentz non-invariant models
• Modified non-local-F(R) gravity as the key for the inflation and dark energy
• Cosmological perturbations and structure formation in nonlocal infrared modifications of general relativity
• Dynamics of Nonlocal Cosmology
• Accelerating cosmologies from non-local higher-derivative gravity
• Phantom and non-phantom dark energy: The cosmological relevance of non-locally corrected gravity
• Reconstructing the Distortion Function for Nonlocal Cosmology
• Newtonian limit of nonlocal cosmology
• Non-local quantum effects in cosmology 1: Quantum memory, non-local FLRW equations and singularity avoidance
• Screening of cosmological constant in non-local gravity
• Nonlinear structure formation in Nonlocal Gravity
• A Caveat on Building Nonlocal Models of Cosmology

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Non-local gravity and comparison with observational datasets
• Nonlocal Cosmology II --- Cosmic acceleration without fine tuning or dark energy
• Observational Constraints in Nonlocal Gravity: the Deser-Woodard Case
• An Improved Cosmological Model
• Nonlocal effective actions in semiclassical gravity: thermal effects in stationary geometries