Dark matter, dark energy and the time evolution of masses in the Universe

Abstract

The traditional "explanation" for the observed acceleration of the universe is the existence of a positive cosmological constant. However, this can hardly be a truly convincing explanation, as an expanding universe is not expected to have a static vacuum energy density. So, it must be an approximation. This reminds us of the so-called fundamental "constants" of nature. Recent and past measurements of the fine structure constant and of the proton-electron mass ratio suggest that basic quantities of the standard model, such as the QCD scale parameter ${\Lambda }_{QCD}$, might not be conserved in the course of the cosmological evolution. The masses of the nucleons and of the atomic nuclei would be time-evolving. This can be consistent with General Relativity provided the vacuum energy itself is a dynamical quantity. Another framework realizing this possibility is QHD (Quantum Haplodynamics), a fundamental theory of bound states. If one assumes that its running couplings unify at the Planck scale and that such scale changes slowly with cosmic time, the masses of the nucleons and of the DM particles, including the cosmological term, will evolve with time. This could explain the dark energy of the universe.

arXiv commentPublished in Int.J.Mod.Phys. A29 (2014) 2, 1444016. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1402.4106

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• Nonsingular Decaying Vacuum Cosmology and Entropy Production
• The cosmological constant and entropy problems: mysteries of the present with profound roots in the past
• Fundamental constants and cosmic vacuum: the micro and macro connection
• Vacuum dynamics in the Universe versus a rigid $\Lambda =$const
• Higgs potential from extended Brans-Dicke theory and the time-evolution of the fundamental constants
• Scalar Field Theory Description of the Running Vacuum Model: the Vacuumon
• Higgs effective potential in a perturbed Robertson-Walker background