Effects of a time-varying color-luminosity parameter $\beta$ on the cosmological constraints of modified gravity models

Abstract

It has been found that, for the Supernova Legacy Survey three-year (SNLS3) data, there is strong evidence for the redshift-evolution of color-luminosity parameter $\beta$. In previous studies, only dark energy (DE) models are used to explore the effects of a time-varying $\beta$ on parameter estimation. In this paper, we extend the discussions to the case of modified gravity (MG), by considering Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model, power-law type $f(T)$ model and exponential type $f(T)$ model. In addition to the SNLS3 data, we also use the latest Planck distance priors data, the galaxy clustering (GC) data extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 7 (DR7) and Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), as well as the direct measurement of Hubble constant $H_0$ from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observation. We find that, for both cases of using the supernova (SN) data alone and using the combination of all data, adding a parameter of $\beta$ can reduce ${\chi }^2$ by $\sim$ 36 for all the MG models, showing that a constant $\beta$ is ruled out at 6$\sigma$ confidence level (CL). Moreover, we find that a time-varying $\beta$ always yields a larger fractional matter density ${\Omega }_{m0}$ and a smaller reduced Hubble constant $h$; in addition, it significantly changes the shapes of 1$\sigma$ and 2$\sigma$ confidence regions of various MG models, and thus corrects systematic bias for the parameter estimation. These conclusions are consistent with the results of DE models, showing that $\beta$'s evolution is completely independent of the cosmological models in the background. Therefore, our work highlights the importance of considering the evolution of $\beta$ in the cosmology-fits.

11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1406.0072, arXiv:1312.0184, arXiv:1310.6109

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