Secure Quantum Communication with Orthogonal States

Abstract

In majority of protocols of secure quantum communication (such as, BB84, B92, etc.), the unconditional security of the protocols are obtained by using conjugate coding (two or more mutually unbiased bases). Initially all the conjugate-coding-based protocols of secure quantum communication were restricted to quantum key distribution (QKD), but later on they were extended to other cryptographic tasks (such as, secure direct quantum communication and quantum key agreement). In contrast to the conjugate-coding-based protocols, a few completely orthogonal-state-based protocols of unconditionally secure QKD (such as, Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) and N09) were also proposed. However, till the recent past orthogonal-state-based protocols were only a theoretical concept and were limited to QKD. Only recently, orthogonal-state-based protocols of QKD are experimentally realized and extended to cryptographic tasks beyond QKD. This paper aims to briefly review the orthogonal-state-based protocols of secure quantum communication that are recently introduced by our group and other researchers.

18 pages, 1 figure. This article is a modified version of the tutorial lecture delivered by Anirban Pathak at International Program on Quantum Information (IPQI-2014), February 17-28, 2014, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India

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• A Simplified Hierarchical Dynamic Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol with Added Features
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• Quantum key distribution based on orthogonal state encoding
• Orthogonal-state-based cryptography in quantum mechanics and local post-quantum theories
• Asymptotic security analysis of teleportation based quantum cryptography
• Entanglement concentration protocols for GHZ-type entangled coherent state based on linear optics
• Linear optics based entanglement concentration protocols for Cluster-type entangled coherent state