Multi-stability and condensation of exciton-polaritons below threshold

Abstract

Exciton-polaritons can condense to a macroscopic quantum state through a non-equilibrium process of pumping and decay. In recent experiments, polariton condensates are used to observe, for a short time, nonlinear Josephson phenomena by coupling two condensates. However, it is still not clear how these phenomena are affected by the pumping and decay at long times and how the coupling alters the polariton condensation. Here, we consider a polariton Josephson junction pumped on one side and study its dynamics within a mean-field theory. The Josephson current is found to give rise to multi-stability of the stationary states, which are sensitive to the initial conditions and incoherent noises. These states can be attributed to either the self-trapping effect or the parity-time (PT) symmetry of the system. These results can be used to explain the emission spectra and the $\pi$-phase locking observed in recent experiments. We further predict that the multi-stability can reduce to the self-trapped state if the PT symmetry is broken. Moreover, the polaritons can condense even below the threshold, exhibiting hysteresis.

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Non-Hermitian Physics
• Controllable high-speed polariton waves in a PT-symmetric lattice
• Self-organized PT-symmetry of exciton-polariton condensate in a double-well potential
• Scattering of the asymmetric ${\varphi }^6$ kinks from a $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric perturbation: Creation of multiple pairs of kink-antikink from phonons
• Pseudo-conservative dynamics of coupled polariton condensates
• Recent advances in the combination of nonlinearity and exceptional points