Conical diffraction and the dispersion surface of hyperbolic metamaterials

Abstract

Hyperbolic metamaterials are materials in which at least one principal dielectric constant is negative. We describe the refractive index surface, and the resulting refraction effects, for a biaxial hyperbolic metamaterial, with principal dielectric constants ${\epsilon }_1<0$, $0<{\epsilon }_2\ne {\epsilon }_3$. In this general case the two sheets of the index surface intersect forming conical singularities. We derive the ray description of conical refraction in these materials, and show that it is topologically and quantitatively distinct from conical refraction in a conventional biaxial material. We also develop a wave optics description, which allows us to obtain the diffraction patterns formed from arbitrary beams incident close to the optic axis. The resulting patterns lack circular symmetry, and hence are qualitatively different from those obtained in conventional, positive index materials.

arXiv comment10 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (8)

• Lossless and loss-induced topological transitions of isofrequency surfaces of a composite magnetic-semiconductor medium
• Bi-hyperbolic isofrequency surface in a magnetic-semiconductor superlattice
• Magnetically induced topological transitions of hyperbolic dispersion in biaxial gyrotropic media
• Weyl points and exceptional rings with polaritons in bulk semiconductors
• Zero-index and Hyperbolic Metacavities: Fundamentals and Applications
• Quadraxial metamaterial
• Direct Observation of Strongly Tilted Dirac Points at General Positions in the Reciprocal Space
• A mid-infrared biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals crystal