Direct Probe of Topological Order for Cold Atoms

Abstract

Cold-atom experiments in optical lattices offer a versatile platform to realize various topological quantum phases. A key challenge in those experiments is to unambiguously probe the topological order. We propose a method to directly measure the characteristic topological invariants (order) based on the time-of-flight imaging of cold atoms. The method is generally applicable to detection of topological band insulators in one, two, or three dimensions characterized by integer topological invariants. Using detection of the Chern number for the 2D anomalous quantum Hall states and the Chern-Simons term for the 3D chiral topological insulators as examples, we show that the proposed detection method is practical, robust to typical experimental imperfections such as limited imaging resolution, inhomogeneous trapping potential, and disorder in the system.

10 pages, 5 figures, including Supplemental Material, version accepted by PRA as a Rapid Communication

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Machine Learning Topological Phases with a Solid-state Quantum Simulator
• Anomalous charge pumping in a one-dimensional optical superlattice
• Topological States with Broken Translational and Time-Reversal Symmetries in a Honeycomb-Triangular Lattice
• Evolution of the Hofstadter butterfly in a tunable optical lattice
• Quantized electromagnetic response of three-dimensional chiral topological insulators