Random geometry and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class

Abstract

We consider a model of a quenched disordered geometry in which a random metric is defined on ${\mathbb{R}}^2$, which is flat on average and presents short-range correlations. We focus on the statistical properties of balls and geodesics, i.e., circles and straight lines. We show numerically that the roughness of a ball of radius $R$ scales as $R^{\ddot{I}}‡$, with a fluctuation exponent $\ddot{I}‡\simeq 1/3$, while the lateral spread of the minimizing geodesic between two points at a distance $L$ grows as $L^{\hat{I}}¾$, with wandering exponent value $\hat{I}¾\simeq 2/3$. Results on related first-passage percolation (FPP) problems lead us to postulate that the statistics of balls in these random metrics belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class of surface kinetic roughening, with $\hat{I}¾$ and $\ddot{I}‡$ relating to critical exponents characterizing a corresponding interface growth process. Moreover, we check that the one-point and two-point correlators converge to the behavior expected for the Airy-2 process characterized by the Tracy-Widom (TW) probability distribution function of the largest eigenvalue of large random matrices in the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE). Nevertheless extreme-value statistics of ball coordinates are given by the TW distribution associated with random matrices in the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. Furthermore, we also find TW-GUE statistics with good accuracy in arrival times.