Reconstructing the inflationary $f(R)$ from observations

Abstract

The BICEP2 collaboration has recently released data showing that the scalar-to-tensor ratio $r$ is much larger than expected. The immediate consequence, in the context of $f(R)$ gravity, is that the Starobinsky model of inflation is ruled out since it predicts a value of $r$ much smaller than what is observed. Of course, the BICEP2 data need verification, especially from Planck with which there is some tension, therefore any conclusion seems premature. However, it is interesting to ask what would be the functional form of $f(R)$ in the case when the value of $r$ is different from the one predicted by the Starobinsky model. In this paper, we show how to determine the form of $f(R)$, once the slow-roll parameters are known with some accuracy. The striking result is that, for given values of the scalar spectral index $n_S$ and $r$, the effective Lagrangian has the form $f(R)=R^{\zeta }$, where $\zeta =2-\epsilon$ and $|\epsilon |\ll 1$. Therefore, it appears that the inflationary phase of the Universe is best described by a $R^2$ theory, with a small deviation that, as we show, can be obtained by quantum corrections.

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• Consistency relation for $R^p$ inflation
• Naturalness and Dimensional Transmutation in Classically Scale-Invariant Gravity
• Inflation in scale-invariant theories of gravity
• Thermodynamics of topological black holes in $R^2$ gravity
• Disentangling the $f(R)$ - Duality
• Scale-invariant inflation with one-loop quantum corrections
• Inflationary cosmology from quantum Conformal Gravity
• On the Renormalization Group perspective of $\alpha$-attractors
• A numerical approach to model independently reconstruct $f(R)$ functions through cosmographic data
• Dark side of Weyl gravity