Designing frequency-dependent relaxation rates and Lamb shift for a giant artificial atom

Abstract

In traditional quantum optics, where the interaction between atoms and light at optical frequencies is studied, the atoms can be approximated as point-like when compared to the wavelength of light. So far, this relation has also been true for artificial atoms made out of superconducting circuits or quantum dots, interacting with microwave radiation. However, recent and ongoing experiments using surface acoustic waves show that a single artificial atom can be coupled to a bosonic field at several points wavelengths apart. Here, we theoretically study this type of system. We find that the multiple coupling points give rise to a frequency dependence in the coupling strength between the atom and its environment, and also in the Lamb shift of the atom. The frequency dependence is given by the discrete Fourier transform of the coupling point coordinates and can therefore be designed. We discuss a number of possible applications for this phenomenon, including tunable coupling, single-atom lasing, and other effects that can be achieved by designing the relative coupling strengths of different transitions in a multi-level atom.

14 pages, 8 figures

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• Generation of two-giant-atom entanglement in waveguide-QED systems
• Non-Markovian dynamics with a giant atom coupled to a semi-infinite photonic waveguide
• Single photon scattering from a chain of giant atoms coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide
• Finite sizes and smooth cutoffs in superconducting circuits
• Three-qubit direct dispersive parity measurement with Tunable Coupling Qubits
• A phononic crystal coupled to a transmission line via an artificial atom
• Synthesizing electromagnetically induced transparency without a control field in waveguide QED using small and giant atoms
• Non-local scattering control in coupled resonator networks