Dynamical formation of detached trans-Neptunian objects close to the 2:5 and 1:3 mean motion resonances with Neptune

Abstract

Through a semi-analytic approach of the Kozai resonance inside an MMR, we show phase diagrams (e,ω) that suggest the possibility of a scattered particle, after being captured in an MMR with Neptune, to become a detached object. We ran several numerical integrations with thousands of particles perturbed by the four major planets, and there are cases with and without Neptune's residual migration. These were developed to check the semi-analytic approach and to better understand the dynamical mechanisms that produce the detached objects close to an MMR. The numerical simulations with and without a residual migration for Neptune stress the importance of a particular resonance mode, which we name the hibernating mode, on the formation of fossilized detached objects close to MMRs. When considering Neptune's residual migration we are able to show the formation of detached orbits. These objects are fossilized and cannot be trapped in the MMRs again. We find a ratio of the number of fossilized objects with moderate perihelion distance (35 < q < 40 au) to the number of objects with high perihelion distance (q > 40 au) as 3.0/1 for objects close to the 2:5, and 1.7/1 for objects close to the 1:3 resonance. We estimate that the two fossilized population have a total mass between 0.1 and 0.3 Pluto's mass.

Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics - 12 pages, 21 figures

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• Long term dynamics beyond Neptune: secular models to study the regular motions
• Beyond the Kuiper Belt Edge: New High Perihelion Trans-Neptunian Objects With Moderate Semi-major Axes and Eccentricities
• Is There an Earth-like Planet in the Distant Kuiper Belt?
• Kozai-Lidov Mechanism inside Retrograde Mean Motion Resonances
• The von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai effect inside mean motion resonances with applications to trans-Neptunian objects
• Resonances in the asteroid and trans-Neptunian belts: a brief review
• The Formation of the Cold Classical Kuiper Belt by a Short Range Transport Mechanism
• The Influence of Planet 9 on the Orbits of Distant TNOs: The Case for a Low Perihelion Planet