Kondo model in nonequilibrium: Interplay between voltage, temperature, and crossover from weak to strong coupling

Abstract

We consider an open quantum system in contact with fermionic metallic reservoirs in a nonequilibrium setup. For the case of spin, orbital or potential fluctuations, we present a systematic formulation of real-time renormalization group at finite temperature, where the complex Fourier variable of an effective Liouvillian is used as flow parameter. We derive a universal set of differential equations free of divergencies written as a systematic power series in terms of the frequency-independent two-point vertex only, and solve it in different truncation orders by using a universal set of boundary conditions. We apply the formalism to the description of the weak to strong coupling crossover of the isotropic spin-1/2 nonequilibrium Kondo model at zero magnetic field. From the temperature and voltage dependence of the conductance in different energy regimes we determine various characteristic low-energy scales and compare their universal ratio to known results. For a fixed finite bias voltage larger than the Kondo temperature, we find that the temperature-dependence of the differential conductance exhibits non-monotonic behavior in the form of a peak structure. We show that the peak position and peak width scale linearly with the applied voltage over many orders of magnitude in units of the Kondo temperature. Finally, we compare our calculations with recent experiments.

48 pages, 10 figures

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• Reconstructing non-equilibrium regimes of quantum many-body systems from the analytical structure of perturbative expansions
• Optimized auxiliary representation of a non-Markovian environment by a Lindblad equation
• Voltage quench dynamics of a Kondo system
• Five approaches to exact open-system dynamics: Complete positivity, divisibility and time-dependent observables
• Thermoelectric response of a correlated impurity in the nonequilibrium Kondo regime
• Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a magnetic field: Auxiliary master equation approach
• RG transport theory for open quantum systems: Charge fluctuations in multilevel quantum dots in and out of equilibrium
• Density-operator evolution: Complete positivity and the Keldysh real-time expansion
• Infinite Grassmann Time-Evolving Matrix Product Operator Method in the Steady State
• Flavor fluctuations in 3-level quantum dots: Generic SU(3)-Kondo fixed point in equilibrium and non-Kondo fixed points in nonequilibrium
• Parquet approximation and one-loop renormalization group: Equivalence on the leading-logarithmic level
• The generic fixed point model for pseudo-spin-1/2 quantum dots in nonequilibrium: Spin-valve systems with compensating spin polarizations
• Renormalization group for open quantum systems using environment temperature as flow parameter
• Finite-bias transport through the interacting resonant level model coupled to a phonon mode -- a functional renormalization group study
• Floquet Renormalization Group Approach to the Periodically Driven Kondo Model
• Fermionic duality: General symmetry of open systems with strong dissipation and memory