Tracking Solar Active Region Outflow Plasma from its Source to the near-Earth Environment

Abstract

Seeking to establish whether active region upflow material contributes to the slow solar wind, we examine in detail the plasma upflows from Active Region (AR)10978, which crossed the Sun's disc in the interval 8 to 16 December, 2007 during Carrington rotation (CR)2064. In previous work, using data from the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer, upflow velocity evolution was extensively studied as the region crossed the disc while a linear force-free magnetic extrapolation was used to confirm aspects of the velocity evolution and to establish the presence of quasi-separatrix layers at the upflow source areas. The plasma properties, temperature, density and first ionisation potential bias (FIP-bias) were measured with the spectrometer during the disc passage of the active region. Global potential field source surface (PFSS) models showed that AR 10978 was completely covered by the closed field of a helmet streamer that is part of the streamer belt. Thus it is not clear how any of the upflowing AR-associated plasma could reach the source surface at 2.5 R(Sun)and contribute to the slow solar wind. However a detailed examination of solar-wind in-situ data obtained by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft at the L1 point shows that the increase in O^7+/O^6+, C^6+/C^5+ and Fe/O - a FIP-bias proxy - are present before the heliospheric current sheet crossing. These increases, along with an accompanying reduction in proton velocity and an increase in density are characteristic of both AR and slow-wind plasma. Finally we describe a two-step reconnection process by which some of the upflowing plasma from the AR could reach the heliosphere.

References in corpus (1)

• Flows and Non-thermal Velocities in Solar Active Regions Observed with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode: A Tracer of Active Region Sources of Heliospheric Magnetic Fields?

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Relating streamer flows to density and magnetic structures at the Parker Solar Probe
• Upflows in the upper solar atmosphere
• Coronal sources and in situ properties of the solar winds sampled by ACE during 1999-2008
• Charge States and FIP Bias of the Solar Wind from Coronal Holes, Active Regions, and Quiet Sun
• Detailed imaging of coronal rays with the Parker Solar Probe
• How Can Active Region Plasma Escape into the Solar Wind from below a Closed Helmet Streamer?
• Directly comparing coronal and solar wind elemental fractionation
• IRIS observations of the low-atmosphere counterparts of active region outflows
• Imaging evidence for solar wind outflows originating from a CME footpoint
• Compositional metrics of fast and slow Alfvenic solar wind emerging from coronal holes and their boundaries
• Evolution of active region outflows throughout an active region lifetime
• Dynamics in the transition region beneath active region upflows viewed by IRIS
• Electron density of active region outflows measured by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer onboard Hinode
• Active region upflows in various coronal structures and their coupling to the lower atmosphere