The skew-rank of oriented graphs

Abstract

An oriented graph $G^{\sigma }$ is a digraph without loops and multiple arcs, where $G$ is called the underlying graph of $G^{\sigma }$. Let $S(G^{\sigma })$ denote the skew-adjacency matrix of $G^{\sigma }$. The rank of the skew-adjacency matrix of $G^{\sigma }$ is called the {\it skew-rank} of $G^{\sigma }$, denoted by $sr(G^{\sigma })$. The skew-adjacency matrix of an oriented graph is skew symmetric and the skew-rank is even. In this paper we consider the skew-rank of simple oriented graphs. Firstly we give some preliminary results about the skew-rank. Secondly we characterize the oriented graphs with skew-rank 2 and characterize the oriented graphs with pendant vertices which attain the skew-rank 4. As a consequence, we list the oriented unicyclic graphs, the oriented bicyclic graphs with pendant vertices which attain the skew-rank 4. Moreover, we determine the skew-rank of oriented unicyclic graphs of order $n$ with girth $k$ in terms of matching number. We investigate the minimum value of the skew-rank among oriented unicyclic graphs of order $n$ with girth $k$ and characterize oriented unicyclic graphs attaining the minimum value. In addition, we consider oriented unicyclic graphs whose skew-adjacency matrices are nonsingular.

17 pages, 4 figures