Quantum Non-Abelian Hydrodynamics: Anyonic or Spin-Orbital Entangled liquids, Non-Unitarity of Scattering matrix and Charge Fractionalization

Abstract

In this article we develop an exact(non-adiabatic,non-perturbative) density matrix scattering theory for a two component quantum liquid which interacts or scatters off from a generic spin-dependent quantum potential. We find that the number or charge density in scattered fluid,$\text{Tr}({\varrho }_{sc})$ depends on {non-trivial quantum interference coefficients}, ${\mathcal{Q}}_{0ijk}^{\alpha \beta }$ which arises due to quantum interference between spin-independent and spin-dependent scattering amplitudes and among spin-dependent scattering amplitudes. The effect of quantum interference coefficients can be include by defining a {\bf vector order parameter} $\mathbf{Q}$. We find that in presence of spin-dependent interaction the {\bf vector order parameter} $\mathbf{Q}$ is necessarily non-zero and is related to the commutator and anti-commutator of scattering matrix $\mathcal{S}$ with its dagger ${\mathcal{S}}^{†}$. It is further shown that $\mathbf{Q}\ne 0$, implies four physically equivalent conditions,i.e, {\bf spin-orbital entanglement is non-zero}, {\bf Non-Abelian scattering phase,i.e, matrices}, scattering matrix is {\bf Non-Unitary} and the broken time reversal symmetry for scattered density matrix. This also implies that quasi particle excitation are anyonic in nature, hence, charge fractionalization is a natural consequence. This aspect has also been discussed from the perspective of number or charge density conservation, which implies i.e, $\text{Tr}({\varrho }_{sc})=\text{Tr}({\varrho }_{in})$. On the other hand $\mathbf{Q}=0$ turns out to be a mathematically forced unphysical solution in presence of spin-dependent potential or scattering which is equivalent to {\bf Abelian} hydrodynamics ,{\bf Unitary} scattering matrix, absence of spin-space entanglement, and preserved time reversal symmetry.

Typos corrected in eq.(4) and eq.(98), presentation improved, 44 pages(32 main text+ 7 Appendix),4 figures