Twisted magnetic patterns: Exploring the Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya vector

Abstract

Magnetism - the spontaneous alignment of atomic moments in a material - is driven by quantum-mechanical `exchange' interactions which operate over atomic distances as a result of the fundamental symmetry of electrons. Currently, one of the most active fields of condensed matter physics involves the study of magnetic interactions that cause, or are caused by a twisting of nearby atoms. This can lead to the magnetoelectric effect that couples electric and magnetic properties, and is predicted to play a prominent role in future technology. Here, we discuss the complex relativistic interplay between magnetism and atomic crystal structure in a class of materials called `weak ferromagnets'. The sign of the underpinning Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction has been determined for the first time, by using synchrotron radiation to study iron borate (FeBO3). We present a novel experimental technique based on interference between two x-ray scattering processes (one acts as a reference wave) which we combine with a second unusual approach of turning the atomic antiferromagnetic motif with a small magnetic field. We show that the experimental results provide a clear validation of state-of-the-art theoretical calculations. These experimental and theoretical approaches open up new possibilities for exploring, modelling and exploiting novel magnetic and magnetoelectric materials.

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• In-gap excitation effect on a superexchange in La2CuO4 by creating nonequilibrium photoexcited centers
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• Phase diagram of weakly coupled Heisenberg spin chains subject to a uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
• Theoretical and experimental study of high-pressure synthesized B20-type compounds Mn${}_{1-x}$(Co,Rh)${}_x$Ge
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• Characterization of partially accessible anisotropic spin chains in the presence of anti-symmetric exchange
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• Magnetization statics and dynamics in (Ir/Co/Pt)${}_6$ multilayers with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
• Enhanced Magnetism & Time - Stable Remanence at the Interface of Hematite and Carbon Nanotubes
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• Wide-Range Probing of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction