The distribution of gas in the Local Group from constrained cosmological simulations: the case for Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies

Abstract

We study the gas distribution in the Milky Way and Andromeda using a constrained cosmological simulation of the Local Group (LG) within the context of the CLUES (Constrained Local UniversE Simulations) project. We analyse the properties of gas in the simulated galaxies at $z=0$ for three different phases: `cold', `hot' and HI, and compare our results with observations. The amount of material in the hot halo ($M_{hot}\approx 4-5\times 10^{10}$M${}_{\odot }$), and the cold ($M_{cold}(r\lesssim 10$kpc$)\approx 10^8$M${}_{\odot }$) and HI ($M_{HI}(r\lesssim 50$kpc$)\approx 3-4\times 10^8$M${}_{\odot }$) components display a reasonable agreement with observations. We also compute the accretion/ejection rates together with the HI (radial and all-sky) covering fractions. The integrated HI accretion rate within $r=50$kpc gives $\sim$$0.2-0.3$M${}_{\odot }$yr${}^{-1}$, i.e. close to that obtained from high-velocity clouds in the Milky Way. We find that the global accretion rate is dominated by hot material, although ionized gas with $T\lesssim 10^5$K can contribute significantly too. The $net$ accretion rates of $all$ material at the virial radii are $6-8$M${}_{\odot }$yr${}^{-1}$. At $z=0$, we find a significant gas excess between the two galaxies, as compared to any other direction, resulting from the overlap of their gaseous haloes. In our simulation, the gas excess first occurs at $z\sim 1$, as a consequence of the kinematical evolution of the LG.

Typos corrected. Replaced to match published version. 23 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables

References in corpus (15)

• The Search for the Missing Baryons at Low Redshift
• The cold gaseous halo of NGC 891
• Effects of Supernova Feedback on the Formation of Galaxy Disks
• The M31 Velocity Vector. II. Radial Orbit Towards the Milky Way and Implied Local Group Mass
• Feedback and metal enrichment in cosmological SPH simulations - II. A multiphase model with supernova energy feedback
• The Vertical Structure of the Outer Milky Way HI Disk
• Do Hot Haloes Around Galaxies Contain the Missing Baryons?
• Distances to Galactic high-velocity clouds. I. Cohen Stream, complex GCP, cloud g1
• A Wide-field High Resolution HI Mosaic of Messier 31: I. Opaque Atomic Gas and Star Formation Rate Density
• Distances to Galactic high-velocity clouds. Complex C
• X-Ray Absorption from the Milky Way Halo and the Local Group
• The Milky Way Rotation Curve and its Vertical Derivatives Inside the Solar Circle
• FUV and X-ray absorption in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium
• Limits on Hot Galactic Halo Gas from X-ray Absorption Lines
• The warm-hot gaseous halo of the Milky Way

Cited by in corpus (19)

• Constraining the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo with OVII and OVII Emission Lines
• Evidence for a Massive, Extended Circumgalactic Medium Around the Andromeda Galaxy
• An FRB Sent Me a DM: Constraining the Electron Column of the Milky Way Halo with Fast Radio Burst Dispersion Measures from CHIME/FRB
• Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies: The Environment
• The Magellanic System: the puzzle of the leading gas stream
• In search of cool flow accretion onto galaxies $-$ where does the disk gas end?
• Hydrogen Emission from the Ionized Gaseous Halos of Low Redshift Galaxies
• Project AMIGA: A Minimal Covering Factor for Optically Thick Circumgalactic Gas Around the Andromeda Galaxy
• The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies in a constrained hydrodynamical simulation: morphological evolution
• The Effect of Environment on Milky Way-mass galaxies in a Constrained Simulation of the Local Group
• Cold and Hot gas distribution around the Milky-Way-M31 system in the HESTIA simulations
• The Smith Cloud: surviving a high speed transit of the Galactic disc
• An X-ray and SZ bright diffuse source toward M31: a Local Hot Bridge
• Physical Conditions of Five O VI Absorption Systems Towards PG $1522+101$
• Census of Gaseous Satellites around Local Spiral Galaxies
• Cosmological gas accretion history onto the stellar discs of Milky Way-like galaxies in the Auriga simulations -- (I) Temporal dependency
• A population of high-velocity absorption-line systems residing in the Local Group
• Kinematics of the Local Group gas and galaxies in the Hestia simulations
• Cosmic Rays and Non-thermal Emission Induced by Accretion of Cool Gas onto the Galactic Disk