A Monte Carlo Template based analysis for Air-Cherenkov Arrays

Abstract

We present a high-performance event reconstruction algorithm: an Image Pixel-wise fit for Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (ImPACT). The reconstruction algorithm is based around the likelihood fitting of camera pixel amplitudes to an expected image template. A maximum likelihood fit is performed to find the best-fit shower parameters. A related reconstruction algorithm has already been shown to provide significant improvements over traditional reconstruction for both the CAT and H.E.S.S. experiments. We demonstrate a significant improvement to the template generation step of the procedure, by the use of a full Monte Carlo air shower simulation in combination with a ray-tracing optics simulation to more accurately model the expected camera images. This reconstruction step is combined with an MVA-based background rejection. Examples are shown of the performance of the ImPACT analysis on both simulated and measured (from a strong VHE source) gamma-ray data from the H.E.S.S. array, demonstrating an improvement in sensitivity of more than a factor two in observation time over traditional image moments-fitting methods, with comparable performance to previous likelihood fitting analyses. ImPACT is a particularly promising approach for future large arrays such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) due to its improved high-energy performance and suitability for arrays of mixed telescope types.

13 pages, 10 figures

References in corpus (5)

• Observations of the Crab Nebula with H.E.S.S
• Monte Carlo design studies for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Gamma-Hadron Separation in Very-High-Energy gamma-ray astronomy using a multivariate analysis method
• A new analysis strategy for detection of faint gamma-ray sources with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
• Improving the H.E.S.S. angular resolution using the Disp method

Cited by in corpus (111)

• Multi-messenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A
• A very-high-energy component deep in the Gamma-ray Burst afterglow
• Revealing x-ray and gamma ray temporal and spectral similarities in the GRB 190829A afterglow
• Search for $\gamma$-ray line signals from dark matter annihilations in the inner Galactic halo from ten years of observations with H.E.S.S
• Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC
• H.E.S.S. observations of RX J1713.7-3946 with improved angular and spectral resolution; evidence for gamma-ray emission extending beyond the X-ray emitting shell
• Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
• Search for dark matter annihilation signals in the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey
• Application of Deep Learning methods to analysis of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes data
• Time-resolved hadronic particle acceleration in the recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi
• Particle Transport within the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
• Measurement of the EBL spectral energy distribution using the VHE gamma-ray spectra of H.E.S.S. blazars
• Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout
• Prospects for Heavy WIMP Dark Matter with CTA: the Wino and Higgsino
• TeV gamma-ray observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 with H.E.S.S
• Resolving acceleration to very high energies along the Jet of Centaurus A
• Acceleration and transport of relativistic electrons in the jets of the microquasar SS 433
• Search for dark matter signals towards a selection of recently-detected DES dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way with H.E.S.S
• Searches for gamma-ray lines and `pure WIMP' spectra from Dark Matter annihilations in dwarf galaxies with H.E.S.S
• Constraints on the intergalactic magnetic field using Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. blazar observations
• The $\gamma$-ray spectrum of the core of Centaurus A as observed with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
• A deep spectromorphological study of the $\gamma$-ray emission surrounding the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1
• Constraints on the emission region of 3C 279 during strong flares in 2014 and 2015 through VHE gamma-ray observations with H.E.S.S
• The supernova remnant W49B as seen with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
• ISM gas studies towards the TeV PWN HESS J1825-137 and northern region
• Constraints on axion-like particle properties with very high energy gamma-ray observations of Galactic sources
• Gamma-ray blazar spectra with H.E.S.S. II mono analysis: the case of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553+113
• Extracting gamma-ray information from images with convolutional neural network methods on simulated Cherenkov Telescope Array data
• Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode
• H.E.S.S. discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from PKS 0625-354
• Discovery of a Radiation Component from the Vela Pulsar Reaching 20 Teraelectronvolts
• Observation of a sudden cessation of a very-high-energy gamma-ray flare in PKS 1510-089 with H.E.S.S. and MAGIC in May 2016
• H.E.S.S. follow-up observations of GRB221009A
• Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S
• H.E.S.S. detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from the quasar PKS 0736+017
• TeV emission of Galactic plane sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S
• A Run-Wise Simulation and Analysis Framework for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Arrays
• Background Rejection in Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes using Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks
• H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT observations of PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 during its 2014 and 2017 periastron passages
• Very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission from two blazars of unknown redshift and upper limits on their distance
• Observation of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS telescopes
• Deep learning with photosensor timing information as a background rejection method for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• The vanishing of the primary emission region in PKS 1510-089
• HESS J1809$-$193: a halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?
• Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis
• Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays by VERITAS
• Search for dark matter annihilation in the dwarf irregular galaxy WLM with H.E.S.S
• Systematic search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars
• Probing the magnetic field in the GW170817 outflow using H.E.S.S. observations
• Simultaneous observations of the blazar PKS2155-304 from Ultra-Violet to TeV energies
• Characteristics of extensive air showers around the energy threshold for ground-particle-based gamma-ray observatories
• Upper Limits on Very-High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission from Core-Collapse Supernovae Observed with H.E.S.S
• H.E.S.S. follow-up observations of Binary Black Hole Coalescence events during the second and third Gravitational Waves observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Search for dark matter annihilation signals from unidentified Fermi-LAT objects with H.E.S.S
• Search for the evaporation of primordial black holes with H.E.S.S
• Nature of the low-energy, γ-like background for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV
• Searching for TeV gamma-ray emission from SGR\,1935+2154 during its 2020 X-ray and radio bursting phase
• A MeerKAT, e-MERLIN, H.E.S.S. and Swift search for persistent and transient emission associated with three localised FRBs
• A Template-based $\gamma$-ray Reconstruction Method for Air Shower Arrays
• H.E.S.S. Monitoring of PKS 2155-304 in 2015 and 2016
• Very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission from young massive star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Gamma-ray observations of MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst
• First limits on the very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission of a fast radio burst: H.E.S.S. observations of FRB 150418
• Evidence for gamma-ray emission from the remnant of Kepler's supernova based on deep H.E.S.S. observations
• Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87
• Statistical Tools for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
• H.E.S.S. observations of the flaring gravitationally lensed galaxy PKS 1830-211
• The Complex VHE And Multiwavelength Flaring Activity Of The FSRQ PKS 1510-089 In May 2015
• Muons as a tool for background rejection in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope arrays
• Studying deep convolutional neural networks with hexagonal lattices for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope event reconstruction
• Impact of Satellite Trails on H.E.S.S. Astronomical Observations
• Detectors for high-energy messengers from the Universe
• Discovery of VHE gamma-rays from the radio galaxy PKS 0625-354 with H.E.S.S
• Run-Wise Simulations for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Arrays
• Signal extraction in atmospheric shower arrays designed for $200\mathrm{GeV}-50\mathrm{TeV}$ $\gamma$-ray astronomy
• Target of Opportunity observations of blazars with H.E.S.S. 
• Background rejection using image residuals from large telescopes in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays
• Combined dark matter search towards dwarf spheroidal galaxies with Fermi-LAT, HAWC, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS
• Advanced search for the extension of unresolved TeV sources with H.E.S.S.: First measurement of the extension of the Crab nebula at TeV energies
• Multi-wavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar
• H.E.S.S. first public test data release
• Improvements to monoscopic analysis for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes: Application to H.E.S.S
• VHE $\gamma$-ray discovery and multi-wavelength study of the blazar 1ES 2322-409
• Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Eta Carinae during its 2020 periastron passage
• Observations of Binary Systems with the H.E.S.S. Telescopes
• Application of Graph Networks to a wide-field Water-Cherenkov-based Gamma-Ray Observatory
• A Systematic Assessment of Data Volume Reduction for IACTs
• A new method of reconstructing images of gamma-ray telescopes applied to the LST-1 of CTAO
• The H.E.S.S. extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations
• Analysis Methods for Gamma-ray Astronomy
• H.E.S.S. detection and multi-wavelength study of the $z\sim$ 1 blazar PKS 0346$-$27
• Deep unsupervised domain adaptation applied to the Cherenkov Telescope Array Large-Sized Telescope
• H.E.S.S. observations of PSR B1259-63 during its 2014 periastron passage
• A complementary view of the Galactic plane in TeV gamma rays by HAWC and H.E.S.S
• H.E.S.S. programme searching for VHE gamma rays associated with FRBs
• A novel energy reconstruction method for the MAGIC stereoscopic observation
• Detailed VHE Studies of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
• Observations of Bow Shocks of Runaway Stars with H.E.S.S
• H.E.S.S.: The High Energy Stereoscopic System
• LMC N132D: a mature supernova remnant with a youthful gamma-ray spectrum
• H.E.S.S. searches for TeV gamma rays associated to high-energy neutrinos
• Event types in H.E.S.S.: a combined analysis for different telescope types and energy ranges
• Search for long-term variability of HESS J1745-290
• The second H.E.S.S. gamma-ray burst catalogue: 15 years of observations with the H.E.S.S. telescopes
• Study of a pulsar wind nebula candidate around the intermediate-age pulsar PSR J1413-6205 with H.E.S.S
• Unidentified Fermi Objects in the view of H.E.S.S. -- Possible Dark Matter Clumps
• Search for enhanced TeV gamma-ray emission from Giant Molecular Clouds using H.E.S.S
• Is PKS 0625-354 another variable TeV active galactic nucleus?
• Observation of burst activity from SGR1935+2154 associated to first galactic FRB with H.E.S.S
• Unveiling extended gamma-ray emission around HESS J1813-178