The Colored Hofstadter Butterfly for the Honeycomb Lattice

Abstract

We rely on a recent method for determining edge spectra and we use it to compute the Chern numbers for Hofstadter models on the honeycomb lattice having rational magnetic flux per unit cell. Based on the bulk-edge correspondence, the Chern number ${\sigma }_H$ is given as the winding number of an eigenvector of a $2\times 2$ transfer matrix, as a function of the quasi-momentum $k\in (0,2\pi )$. This method is computationally efficient (of order $O(n^4)$ in the resolution of the desired image). It also shows that for the honeycomb lattice the solution for ${\sigma }_H$ for flux $p/q$ in the $r$-th gap conforms with the Diophantine equation $r={\sigma }_H\cdot p+s\cdot q$, which determines ${\sigma }_H\mathrm{mod}q$. A window such as ${\sigma }_H\in (-q/2,q/2)$, or possibly shifted, provides a natural further condition for ${\sigma }_H$, which however turns out not to be met. Based on extensive numerical calculations, we conjecture that the solution conforms with the relaxed condition ${\sigma }_H\in (-q,q)$.

Lossless versions of Figures 4 and 5 can be obtained from the authors

References in corpus (2)

• Band Collapse and the Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
• The Hall conductance, topological quantum phase transition and the Diophantine equation on honeycomb lattice

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Landau levels in twisted bilayer graphene and semiclassical orbits
• Microscopic Mechanism of Anyon Superconductivity Emerging from Fractional Chern Insulators
• HofstadterTools: A Python package for analyzing the Hofstadter model
• Algebraic area enumeration of random walks on the honeycomb lattice
• Topology in quasicrystals
• Lattice random walks and quantum A-period conjecture
• Quantum Hall conductivity in the presence of interactions
• Chambers's formula for the graphene and the Hou model with kagome periodicity and applications