Multi-wavelength variability properties of Fermi blazar S5 0716+714

Abstract

S5 0716+714 is a typical BL Lacertae object. In this paper we present the analysis and results of long term simultaneous observations in the radio, near-infrared, optical, X-ray and $\gamma$-ray bands, together with our own photometric observations for this source. The light curves show that the variability amplitudes in $\gamma$-ray and optical bands are larger than those in the hard X-ray and radio bands and that the spectral energy distribution (SED) peaks move to shorter wavelengths when the source becomes brighter, which are similar to other blazars, i.e., more variable at wavelengths shorter than the SED peak frequencies. Analysis shows that the characteristic variability timescales in the 14.5 GHz, the optical, the X-ray, and the $\gamma$-ray bands are comparable to each other. The variations of the hard X-ray and 14.5 GHz emissions are correlated with zero-lag, so are the V band and $\gamma$-ray variations, which are consistent with the leptonic models. Coincidences of $\gamma$-ray and optical flares with a dramatic change of the optical polarization are detected. Hadronic models do not have the same nature explanation for these observations as the leptonic models. A strong optical flare correlating a $\gamma$-ray flare whose peak flux is lower than the average flux is detected. Leptonic model can explain this variability phenomenon through simultaneous SED modeling. Different leptonic models are distinguished by average SED modeling. The synchrotron plus synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model is ruled out due to the extreme input parameters. Scattering of external seed photons, such as the hot dust or broad line region emission, and the SSC process are probably both needed to explain the $\gamma$-ray emission of S5 0716+714.

43 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, to be appeared in ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (43)

• A comprehensive power spectral density analysis of astronomical time series I: the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray light curves of selected blazars
• Multifrequency Photo-polarimetric WEBT Observation Campaign on the Blazar S5 0716+714: Source Microvariability and Search for Characteristic Timescales
• Multi-color optical monitoring of the quasar 3C 273 from 2005 to 2016
• A $\gamma$-ray Quasi-Periodic modulation in the Blazar PKS 0301$-$243?
• Quasi-periodic behaviour in the optical and γ-ray light curves of blazars 3C 66A and B2 1633+38
• Optical quasi-periodic oscillation of the BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 during the faint state
• Temporal correlation between the optical and γ-ray flux variations in the blazar 3C 454.3
• On the origin of the soft photons of the high synchrotron peaked blazar : PKS 1424+240
• Correlation between optical and $\gamma$-ray flux variations in bright flat spectrum radio quasars
• First hard X-ray observations of the blazar S5 0716+714 with NuSTAR during a multiwavelength campaign
• The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic SEDs of Southern Blazars
• Fast $\gamma$-ray variability in blazars beyond redsift 3
• Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron. III. Blazar S5 0716+71 at microarcsecond resolution
• Simultaneous optical monitoring of BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 with high temporal resolution
• Multi-color optical monitoring of the BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 during the 2012 outburst
• Search for Intra-day Optical Variability in $\gamma$-ray--loud Blazars S5 0716+714 and 3C 273
• Statistical analysis of micro-variability properties of the blazar S5 0716+714
• Discovery of $\gamma$-ray emission from the radio-intermediate quasar III Zw 2: violent jet activity with intraday $\gamma$-ray variability
• A geometrical interpretation for the properties of multiband optical variability of the blazar S5 0716+714
• Multi-wavelength variability of CGRaBS J0733+0456: identifying a distant $\gamma$-ray blazar at z = 3.01
• Correlation between optical flux and polarization variations in Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars on diverse timescales
• Comparisons of Jet Properties between GeV Radio Galaxies and Blazars
• Detection of Strongly Lensed Arcs in Galaxy Clusters with Transformers
• Quasi-simultaneous Spectroscopic and Multi-band Photometric Observations of Blazar S5 0716+714 during 2018-2019
• Geometrical and Kinematic Parameters of the Jet of the Blazar S5 0716+71 in a Helical-Jet Model
• Swift/XRT view on S5 0716+714 during a flare
• Optical and Gamma-Ray Variability Behaviors of 3C 454.3 from 2006 to 2011
• A time-dependent particle acceleration and emission model: Understanding the particle spectral evolution and blazar flares
• Intra-day optical multi-band quasi-simultaneous observation of BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 from 2013 to 2016
• Similarity of Jet Radiation between Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and GeV Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies: A Universal $\delta$-$L_{\mathrm{c}}$ Correlation
• The Radio and $\gamma$-ray Variability Analysis of S5 0716+714
• Multicolour Optical Variability Monitoring of Blazars with High Time Resolution
• The Fermi-LAT view of the changing-look blazar OQ 334
• Discovery of gamma-ray emission from a strongly lobe-dominated quasar 3C 275.1
• Periods of the Long-Term Variability of the Blazar 0716+714 and Their Inter-Correlations in a Helical Jet Model
• Long-term multiband optical variability of S5 0716+714 blazar
• Effect of spectral index distribution on estimating the AGN radio luminosity function
• Detections of simultaneous brightening of gamma-ray and optical emissions of a distant blazar GB 1508+5714 at redshift 4.3
• Investigating Optical Variability of the Blazar S5 0716+714 On Diverse Time-scales
• Is BZB J1450+5201 the most distant $\gamma$-ray BL Lacertae object?
• Multi-wavelength variability analysis of the blazar S5 0716+714 during a long-lasting period of low activity
• Optical Monitoring and Long-term Optical Spectral Variability of BL Lacertae Object S5 0716+714
• The intra-day Optical Monitoring of BL Lacerate Object 1ES 1218+304 at Its Highest X-ray Flux Level