Hadron masses and baryonic scales in $G_2$-QCD at finite density

Abstract

The QCD phase diagram at densities relevant to neutron stars remains elusive, mainly due to the fermion-sign problem. At the same time, a plethora of possible phases has been predicted in models. Meanwhile $G_2$-QCD, for which the $SU(3)$ gauge group of QCD is replaced by the exceptional Lie group $G_2$, does not have a sign problem and can be simulated at such densities using standard lattice techniques. It thus provides benchmarks to models and functional continuum methods, and it serves to unravel the nature of possible phases of strongly interacting matter at high densities. Instrumental in understanding these phases is that $G_2$-QCD has fermionic baryons, and that it can therefore sustain a baryonic Fermi surface. Because the baryon spectrum of $G_2$-QCD also contains bosonic diquark and probably other more exotic states, it is important to understand this spectrum before one can disentangle the corresponding contributions to the baryon density. Here we present the first systematic study of this spectrum from lattice simulations at different quark masses. This allows us to relate the mass hierarchy, ranging from scalar would-be-Goldstone bosons and intermediate vector bosons to the $G_2$-nucleons and deltas, to individual structures observed in the total baryon density at finite chemical potential.

13 pages, 11 figures

References in corpus (13)

• Deconfinement in dense 2-color QCD
• Exceptional Deconfinement in G(2) Gauge Theory
• Color Screening, Casimir Scaling, and Domain Structure in G(2) and SU(N) Gauge Theories
• Onset Transition to Cold Nuclear Matter from Lattice QCD with Heavy Quarks
• The QCD phase diagram: Results and challenges
• G_2 gauge theory at finite temperature
• The phase diagram of a gauge theory with fermionic baryons
• Lattice Study of Dense Matter with Two Colors and Four Flavors
• Chiral symmetry and spectral properties of the Dirac operator in G2 Yang-Mills Theory
• A first look at Landau-gauge propagators in G2 Yang-Mills theory
• Phase diagram of the lattice G(2) Higgs Model
• Perturbative determination of $c_{SW}$ for plaquette and Symanzik gauge action and stout link clover fermions
• Adjoint quarks and fermionic boundary conditions

Cited by in corpus (18)

• Chiral Mirror-Baryon-Meson Model and Nuclear Matter beyond Mean-Field
• Dense 2-color QCD towards continuum and chiral limits
• Finite-density gauge correlation functions in QC2D
• Exceptional thermodynamics: The equation of state of G(2) gauge theory
• Continuum Goldstone spectrum of two-color QCD at finite density with staggered quarks
• New developments for dual methods in lattice field theory at non-zero density
• Phase structure and propagators at nonvanishing temperature for QCD and QCD-like theories
• Grand canonical ensemble, multi-particle wave functions, scattering data, and lattice field theories
• An Exceptional G(2) Extension of the Standard Model from the Correspondence with Cayley-Dickson Algebras Automorphism Groups
• Baryonic Matter Onset in Two-Color QCD with Heavy Quarks
• Constructing a neutron star in G2-QCD
• QCD Anderson transition with overlap valence quarks on a twisted-mass sea
• Classification of sign-problem-free relativistic fermions on the basis of the Majorana positivity
• Finite density condensation and scattering data - a study in ${\varphi }^4$ lattice field theory
• Effective Field Theories for Neutron Stars Physics
• The quark propagator in QCD and $G_2$ QCD
• The Resurgence of the G(2) Group for the Strong Sector and the Emergence of Dark Matter
• Strongly Interacting Dark Matter admixed Neutron Stars