Landau level-superfluid modified factor and effective X/$\gamma$-ray coefficient of a magnetar

Abstract

As soon as the energy of electrons near the Fermi surface are higher than $Q$, the threshold energy of inverse $\beta -$ decay, the electron capture process will dominate. The resulting high-energy neutrons will destroy anisotropic ${}^3{P}_2$ neutron superfluid Cooper pairs. By colliding with the neutrons produced in the process $n+(n\uparrow n\downarrow )⟶n+n+n$, the kinetic energy of the outgoing neutrons will be transformed into thermal energy. The transformed thermal energy would transported from the star interior to the star surface by conduction, then would be transformed into radiation energy as soft X-rays and gamma-rays. After a highly efficient modulation within the pulsar magnetosphere, the surface thermal emission (mainly soft X/$\gamma$-ray emission) has been shaped into a spectrum with the observed characteristics of magnetars. By introducing two important parameters: Landau level-superfluid modified factor and effective X/$\gamma$-ray coefficient, we numerically simulate the process of magnetar cooling and magnetic field decay, and then compute magnetars' soft X/$\gamma$-ray luminosities $L_X$. Further, we obtain aschematic diagrams of $L_X$ as a function of magnetic field strength $B$. The observations are compared with the calculations.

13 Pages, 2 Figures, Published in Astrophys. Space. Sci. 2011. 336, P.427-439

References in corpus (38)

• Shell-model calculations of stellar weak interaction rates: II. Weak rates for nuclei in the mass range A=45-65 in supernovae environment
• Electrodynamics of Magnetars: Implications for the Persistent X-ray Emission and Spindown of the Soft Gamma Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars
• Neutrino Emission from Neutron Stars
• An exceptionally bright flare from SGR1806-20 and the origins of short-duration gamma-ray bursts
• Corona of Magnetars
• A low-magnetic-field Soft Gamma Repeater
• An Accretion Model for Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars
• On Young Neutron Stars as Propellers and Accretors with Conventional Magnetic Fields
• Discovery of a New Transient Magnetar Candidate: XTE J1810-197
• Dense nuclear matter in a strong magnetic field
• How Common Are Magnetars? The Consequences of Magnetic-Field Decay
• Supernova remnant energetics and magnetars: no evidence in favour of millisecond proto-neutron stars
• Resonant Cyclotron Scattering and Comptonization in Neutron Star Magnetospheres
• Period clustering of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars and magnetic field decay in magnetars
• Physical Mechanisms for the Variable Spin-down of SGR 1900+14
• X-ray spectra from magnetar candidates. I. Monte Carlo simulations in the non-relativistic regime
• High Energy Emission from Magnetars
• Imaging X-ray, Optical, and Infrared Observations of the Transient Anomalous X-ray Pulsar XTE J1810-197
• Nature vs. Nurture: The Origin of Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars
• A XMM-Newton View of the Soft Gamma-ray Repeater SGR 1806--20: Long Term Variability in the pre-Super Giant Flare Epoch
• Discovery of Radio Emission from Transient Anomalous X-ray Pulsar XTE J1810-197
• Pulse phase variations of the X-ray spectral features in the radio-quiet neutron star 1E 1207-5209
• Powering Anomalous X-ray Pulsars by Neutron Star Cooling
• The first XMM-Newton observations of the Soft Gamma-ray Repeater SGR 1900+14
• The Discovery of 8.7s Pulsations from the Ultrasoft X-Ray Source 4u0142+614
• From outburst to quiescence: the decay of the transient Anomalous X-ray Pulsar XTE J1810-197
• Superfluidity in beta-stable neutron star matter
• The physics of strong magnetic fields in neutron stars
• Pronounced long term flux variability of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E1048.1-5937
• XMM-Newton observation of the Soft Gamma Ray Repeater SGR 1627-41 in a low luminosity state
• On the X-Ray Light Curve, Pulsed-Radio Emission, and Spin Frequency Evolution of the Transient Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar Xte J1810--197 During its X-Ray Outburst
• X-Ray and Infrared Enhancement of Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 2259+58
• Soft Gamma Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars: Magnetar Candidates
• Numerical simulation of the electron capture process in a magnetar interior
• Direct Urca process in strong magnetic fields and neutron star cooling
• Evolution of superhigh magnetic fields of magnetars
• Magnetic Field-Decay-Induced Electron Captures: a Strong Heat Source in Magnetar Crusts
• The effects of intense magnetic fields on Landau levels in a neutron star

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Pressure of Degenerate and Relativistic electrons in a superhigh magnetic field
• Numerically Fitting The Electron Fermi Energy and The Electron Fraction in A Neutron Star
• Electron capture of iron group nuclei in magnetars
• Magnetic field decay of magnetars in supernova remnants
• A new insight into neutrino energy loss by electron capture of iron group nuclei in magnetars surface
• A unified model of supernova driven by magnetic monopoles
• Singlet pairing gaps of neutrons and protons in hyperonic neutron stars
• Strong screening effects on resonant nuclear reaction ${}^{23}$Mg $(p,\gamma )$ ${}^{24}$Al in the surface of magnetars
• Electron capture strength on odd-A nucleus ${}^{59}$Co in explosive astrophysical environment