Order and chaos in a new 3D dynamical model describing motion in non axially symmetric galaxies

Abstract

We present a new dynamical model describing 3D motion in non axially symmetric galaxies. The model covers a wide range of galaxies from a disk system to an elliptical galaxy by suitably choosing the dynamical parameters. We study the regular and chaotic character of orbits in the model and try to connect the degree of chaos with the parameter describing the deviation of the system from axial symmetry. In order to obtain this, we use the Smaller ALingment Index (SALI) technique by numerically integrating the basic equations of motion, as well as the variational equations for extensive samples of orbits. Our results suggest, that the influence of the deviation parameter on the portion of chaotic orbits strongly depends on the vertical distance $z$ from the galactic plane of the orbits. Using different sets of initial conditions, we show that the chaotic motion is dominant in galaxy models with low values of $z$, while in the case of stars with large values of $z$ the regular motion is more abundant, both in elliptical and disk galaxy models.

Published in Nonlinear Dynamics (NODY) journal

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• Orbital and escape dynamics in barred galaxies - II. The 3D system: Exploring the role of the normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds
• Introducing a new 3D dynamical model for barred galaxies
• Escapes in Hamiltonian systems with multiple exit channels: Part II
• Escape dynamics and fractal basins boundaries in the three-dimensional Earth-Moon system