The Vortex Signature of Discrete Ferromagnetic Dipoles at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interface

Abstract

A hysteretic in-plane magnetoresistance develops below the superconducting transition of LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces for $\left|H_{//}\right|<$ 0.15 T, independently of the carrier density or oxygen annealing. We show that this hysteresis arises from vortex depinning within a thin superconducting layer, in which the vortices are created by discrete ferromagnetic dipoles located solely above the layer. We find no evidence for finite-momentum pairing or bulk magnetism and hence conclude that ferromagnetism is strictly confined to the interface, where it competes with superconductivity.

10 pages, including Supplementary Material