Quantum Theory of Heat Magnetization

Abstract

We give the thermodynamic definition of the heat magnetization, and calculate with use of the Keldysh formalism in a curved spacetime. The heat magnetization is conjugate to a torsional magnetic field, which is analogous to the fact that the orbital magnetization is conjugate to a magnetic field. The formula is valid in insulators and metals at finite temperature even in disordered or interacting systems.

This submission has been withdrawn by the author. Combined into arXiv:1310.8043