Downlink Training Techniques for FDD Massive MIMO Systems: Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Training with Memory
arXiv:1309.7712 · doi:10.1109/JSTSP.2014.2313020
Abstract
The concept of deploying a large number of antennas at the base station, often called massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), has drawn considerable interest because of its potential ability to revolutionize current wireless communication systems. Most literature on massive MIMO systems assumes time division duplexing (TDD), although frequency division duplexing (FDD) dominates current cellular systems. Due to the large number of transmit antennas at the base station, currently standardized approaches would require a large percentage of the precious downlink and uplink resources in FDD massive MIMO be used for training signal transmissions and channel state information (CSI) feedback. To reduce the overhead of the downlink training phase, we propose practical open-loop and closed-loop training frameworks in this paper. We assume the base station and the user share a common set of training signals in advance. In open-loop training, the base station transmits training signals in a round-robin manner, and the user successively estimates the current channel using long-term channel statistics such as temporal and spatial correlations and previous channel estimates. In closed-loop training, the user feeds back the best training signal to be sent in the future based on channel prediction and the previously received training signals. With a small amount of feedback from the user to the base station, closed-loop training offers better performance in the data communication phase, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is low, the number of transmit antennas is large, or prior channel estimates are not accurate at the beginning of the communication setup, all of which would be mostly beneficial for massive MIMO systems.
13 pages, 16 figures, to appear in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing on Signal Processing for Large-Scale MIMO Communications
References in corpus (5)
- Massive MIMO Systems with Non-Ideal Hardware: Energy Efficiency, Estimation, and Capacity Limits
- Blind pilot decontamination
- Pilot Beam Pattern Design for Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO Systems
- Uplink Performance of Time-Reversal MRC in Massive MIMO Systems Subject to Phase Noise
- Noncoherent Trellis Coded Quantization: A Practical Limited Feedback Technique for Massive MIMO Systems
Cited by in corpus (86)
- Spatially Common Sparsity Based Adaptive Channel Estimation and Feedback for FDD Massive MIMO
- Spatial- and Frequency-Wideband Effects in Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems
- Deep CNN-Based Channel Estimation for mmWave Massive MIMO Systems
- Delay-Phase Precoding for Wideband THz Massive MIMO
- Structured Compressive Sensing Based Spatio-Temporal Joint Channel Estimation for FDD Massive MIMO
- Pilot Beam Pattern Design for Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO Systems
- FDD Massive MIMO Channel Estimation with Arbitrary 2D-Array Geometry
- Massive MIMO performance with imperfect channel reciprocity and channel estimation error
- An Overview of Enhanced Massive MIMO with Array Signal Processing Techniques
- Massive Connectivity with Massive MIMO-Part II: Achievable Rate Characterization
- Noncoherent Trellis Coded Quantization: A Practical Limited Feedback Technique for Massive MIMO Systems
- Massive MIMO Channel Prediction: Kalman Filtering vs. Machine Learning
- Antenna Grouping based Feedback Compression for FDD-based Massive MIMO Systems
- Sum-Rate and Power Scaling of Massive MIMO Systems with Channel Aging
- Channel Feedback Based on AoD-Adaptive Subspace Codebook in FDD Massive MIMO Systems
- An Overview of Transmission Theory and Techniques of Large-scale Antenna Systems for 5G Wireless Communications
- Two-Stage Beamformer Design for Massive MIMO Downlink By Trace Quotient Formulation
- Joint CSIT Acquisition Based on Low-Rank Matrix Completion for FDD Massive MIMO Systems
- Hybrid Precoding Architecture for Massive Multiuser MIMO with Dissipation: Sub-Connected or Fully-Connected Structures?
- Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Tradeoff in Massive MIMO Downlink Transmission with Statistical CSIT
- Joint Channel Training and Feedback for FDD Massive MIMO Systems
- Spatio-Temporal Representation with Deep Neural Recurrent Network in MIMO CSI Feedback
- Adaptive Beam Tracking with the Unscented Kalman Filter for Millimeter Wave Communication
- RF Lens-Embedded Massive MIMO Systems: Fabrication Issues and Codebook Design
- Joint Channel Estimation and User Grouping for Massive MIMO Systems
- Downlink Precoding with Mixed Statistical and Imperfect Instantaneous CSI for Massive MIMO Systems
- Energy Efficiency Optimization for Downlink Massive MIMO With Statistical CSIT
- Network Massive MIMO Transmission Over Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Bands: Mobility Enhancement and Blockage Mitigation
- Pilot Signal Design for Massive MIMO Systems: A Received Signal-To-Noise-Ratio-Based Approach
- Adaptive Beam Design for V2I Communications using Vehicle Tracking with Extended Kalman Filter
- Interference-Aware RZF Precoding for Multi Cell Downlink Systems
- Massive MIMO Channel Prediction Via Meta-Learning and Deep Denoising: Is a Small Dataset Enough?
- Leveraging the Restricted Isometry Property: Improved Low-Rank Subspace Decomposition for Hybrid Millimeter-Wave Systems
- Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO Systems
- Experimental Investigation of Frequency Domain Channel Extrapolation in Massive MIMO Systems for Zero-Feedback FDD
- DDPG-Driven Deep-Unfolding with Adaptive Depth for Channel Estimation with Sparse Bayesian Learning
- Advanced Quantizer Designs for FDD-Based FD-MIMO Systems Using Uniform Planar Arrays
- Fast Position-Aided MIMO Beam Training via Noisy Tensor Completion
- On the Required Number of Antennas in a Point-to-Point Large-but-Finite MIMO System: Outage-Limited Scenario
- Channel Extrapolation for FDD Massive MIMO: Procedure and Experimental Results
- Linear Precoding Based on Polynomial Expansion: Reducing Complexity in Massive MIMO
- Deep Learning for Massive MIMO CSI Feedback
- Downlink Channel Reconstruction for Spatial Multiplexing in Massive MIMO Systems
- Noisy Beam Alignment Techniques for Reciprocal MIMO Channels
- Selective Uplink Training for Massive MIMO Systems
- A Scalable Framework for CSI Feedback in FDD Massive MIMO via DL Path Aligning
- Symbol-level and Multicast Precoding for Multiuser Multiantenna Downlink: A Survey, Classification and Challenges
- Towards Massive MIMO 2.0: Understanding spatial correlation, interference suppression, and pilot contamination
- Survey on UAV Cellular Communications: Practical Aspects, Standardization Advancements, Regulation, and Security Challenges
- Channel estimation: unified view of optimal performance and pilot sequences
- Quantization Design and Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs
- Efficient Downlink Channel Reconstruction for FDD Multi-Antenna Systems
- Downlink Pilot Precoding and Compressed Channel Feedback for FDD-Based Cell-Free Systems
- Uplink Downlink Rate Balancing and throughput scaling in FDD Massive MIMO Systems
- Limited Feedback Massive MISO Systems with Trellis Coded Quantization for Correlated Channels
- Channel Estimation for Spatially/Temporally Correlated Massive MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs
- How Often Should CSI be Updated for Massive MIMO Systems with Massive Connectivity?
- Channel Training for Analog FDD Repeaters: Optimal Estimators and Cramér-Rao Bounds
- On the Convergence and Performance of MF Precoding in Distributed Massive MU-MIMO Systems
- Security Vulnerability of FDD Massive MIMO Systems in Downlink Training Phase
- High-Dimensional CSI Acquisition in Massive MIMO: Sparsity-Inspired Approaches
- Hybrid Analog and Digital Beamforming Design for Channel Estimation in Correlated Massive MIMO Systems
- FDD Massive MIMO Based on Efficient Downlink Channel Reconstruction
- Time-Varying Downlink Channel Tracking for Quantized Massive MIMO Networks
- Beam domain secure transmission for massive MIMO communications
- Efficient Feedback Mechanisms for FDD Massive MIMO under User-level Cooperation
- Training Beam Sequence Design for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems: A POMDP Framework
- Trellis-Extended Codebooks and Successive Phase Adjustment: A Path from LTE-Advanced to FDD Massive MIMO Systems
- Interference-Alignment and Soft-Space-Reuse Based Cooperative Transmission for Multi-cell Massive MIMO Networks
- Quantization and Feedback of Spatial Covariance Matrix for Massive MIMO Systems with Cascaded Precoding
- Design and Analysis of Downlink Channel Estimation Based on Parametric Model for Massive MIMO in FDD Systems
- Sparse Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO with 1-bit Feedback per Dimension
- Joint Channel Direction Information Quantization For Spatially Correlated 3D MIMO Channels
- Cell Coverage Extension with Orthogonal Random Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems
- Remote Channel Inference for Beamforming in Ultra-Dense Hyper-Cellular Network
- Near Maximum-Likelihood Detector and Channel Estimator for Uplink Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs
- Downlink Extrapolation for FDD Multiple Antenna Systems Through Neural Network Using Extracted Uplink Path Gains
- Frequency Synchronization for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems
- Bounds on Eigenvalues of a Spatial Correlation Matrix
- Exploiting the Preferred Domain of FDD Massive MIMO Systems with Uniform Planar Arrays
- Training Sequence Design for Feedback Assisted Hybrid Beamforming in Massive MIMO Systems
- Interleaving Channel Estimation and Limited Feedback for Point-to-Point Systems with a Large Number of Transmit Antennas
- Omnidirectional Precoding and Combining Based Synchronization for Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Systems
- On the MISO Channel with Feedback: Can Infinitely Massive Antennas Achieve Infinite Capacity?
- Joint Spatial Division and Diversity for Massive MIMO Systems
- Low-Rank Covariance-Assisted Downlink Training and Channel Estimation for FDD Massive MIMO Systems