Eigenvalue statistics as indicator of integrability of non-equilibrium density operators

Abstract

We propose to quantify the complexity of non-equilibrium steady state density operators, as well as of long-lived Liouvillian decay modes, in terms of level spacing distribution of their spectra. Based on extensive numerical studies in a variety of models, some solvable and some unsolved, we conjecture that integrability of density operators (e.g., existence of an algebraic procedure for their construction in finitely many steps) is signaled by a Poissonian level statistics, whereas in the generic non-integrable cases one finds level statistics of a Gaussian unitary ensemble of random matrices. Eigenvalue statistics can therefore be used as an efficient tool to identify integrable quantum non-equilibrium systems.

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