Beurling's Theorem And Invariant Subspaces For The Shift On Hardy Spaces

Abstract

Let $G$ be a bounded open subset in the complex plane and let $H^2(G)$ denote the Hardy space on $G$. We call a bounded simply connected domain $W$ perfectly connected if the boundary value function of the inverse of the Riemann map from $W$ onto the unit disk $D$ is almost 1-1 rwith respect to the Lebesgure on $\partial D$ and if the Riemann map belongs to the weak-star closure of the polynomials in $H^{\infty }(W)$. Our main theorem states: In order that for each $M\in Lat(M_z)$, there exist $u\in H^{\infty }(G)$ such that $M=\vee \{u{H}^2(G)\}$, it is necessary and sufficient that the following hold: 1) Each component of $G$ is a perfectly connected domain. 2) The harmonic measures of the components of $G$ are mutually singular. 3) % $P^{\infty }(\omega )Thesetofpolynomialsisweak-stardensein$ H^{\infty}(G)$. \noindent Moreover, if $G$satisfiestheseconditions,thenevery$M\in Lat(M_{z})$isoftheform$u H^{2}(G)$,where$u\in H^{\infty}(G)$andtherestrictionof$u$toeachofthecomponentsof$G$ is either an inner function or zero.