Self-Assembly of Colloidal Superstructures in Coherently Fluctuating Fields
arXiv:1304.5703 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.198301
Abstract
From microscopic fluid clusters to macroscopic droplets, the structure of fluids is governed by the Van der Waals force, a force that acts between polarizable objects. In this Letter, we derive a general theory that describes the non-equilibrium counterpart to the Van der Waals force, which emerges in spatially coherently fluctuating electromagnetic fields. We describe the formation of a novel and complex hierarchy of self-organized morphologies in magnetic and dielectric colloid systems. Most striking among these morphologies are dipolar foams - colloidal superstructures that swell against gravity and display a high sensitivity to the applied field. We discuss the dominance of many body forces and derive the equation of state for a material formed by the coherent Van der Waals force. Our theory is applied to recent experiments in paramagnetic colloidal systems and a new experiment is suggested to test the theory.
5 pages + supporting info. available at http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.198301