Integral field spectroscopy of M1-67. A Wolf-Rayet nebula with LBVN appearance

Abstract

This work aims to disentangle the morphological, kinematic, and chemical components of the nebula M1-67 to shed light on its process of formation around the central Wolf-Rayet (WR) star WR124. We have carried out integral field spectroscopy observations over two regions of M1-67, covering most of the nebula in the optical range. Maps of electron density, line ratios, and radial velocity were created to perform a detailed analysis of the two-dimensional structure. We studied the physical and chemical properties by means of integrated spectra selected over the whole nebula. Photoionization models were performed to confirm the empirical chemical results theoretically. In addition, we analysed infrared spectroscopic data and the MIPS 24micron image of M1-67 from Spitzer. We find that the ionized gas of M1-67 is condensed in knots aligned in a preferred axis along the NE-SW direction, like a bipolar structure. Both electron density and radial velocity decrease in this direction when moving away from the central star. From the derived electron temperature, Te~8200 K, we have estimated chemical abundances, obtaining that nitrogen appears strongly enriched and oxygen depleted. From the last two results, we infer that this bipolarity is the consequence of an ejection of an evolved stage of WR124 with material processed in the CNO cycle. The infrared study has revealed that the bipolar axis is composed of ionized gas with a low ionization degree that is well mixed with warm dust and of a spherical bubble surrounding the ejection at 24micron. Taking the evolution of a 60 Mo star and the temporal scale of the bipolar ejection into account, we propose that the observed gas was ejected during an eruption in the luminous blue variable. The star has entered the WR phase recently without apparent signs of interaction between WR-winds and interstellar material.

Accepted for publication in section 6 of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The official date of acceptance is 15/03/2013. 17 pages, 14 figures and 8 tables

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• Herschel-PACS Measurements of Nitrogen Enrichment in Nebulae around Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Dust in the Wolf-Rayet Nebula M1-67
• 3D mapping of the Wolf-Rayet nebula M1-67: clues for post-common envelope evolution in massive stars
• New insights into the WR nebula M1-67 with SITELLE
• The heart of NGC 5253 as seen with MUSE-NFM: nitrogen enrichment through stellar chemical feedback at parsec scales