Water Maser Survey on AKARI and IRAS Sources: A Search for "Low-Velocity" Water Fountains

Abstract

We present the results of a 22GHz H2O maser survey toward a new sample of AGB and post-AGB star candidates. Most of the objects are selected for the first time based on the AKARI data, which have high flux sensitivity in the mid-infrared ranges. We aim at finding H2O maser sources in the transient phase between the AGB and post-AGB stage of evolution, where the envelopes start to develop large deviations from spherical symmetry. The observations were carried out with the Effelsberg 100m radio telescope. Among 204 observed objects, 63 detections (36 new) were obtained. We found 4 objects which may be "water fountain" sources (IRAS 15193+3132, IRAS 18056-1514, OH 16.3-3.0, and IRAS 18455+0448). They possess an H2O maser velocity coverage much smaller than those in other known water fountains. However, the coverage is still larger than that of the 1612MHz OH maser. It implies that there is an outflow with a higher velocity than the envelope expansion velocity (typically <25 km/s), meeting the criterion of the water fountain class. We suggest that these candidates are possibly oxygen-rich late AGB or early post-AGB stars in a stage of evolution immediately after the spherically symmetric AGB mass-loss has ceased.

61 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ

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• From the ashes: JVLA observations of water fountain nebula candidates show the rebirth of IRAS 18455+0448
• Maser and Infrared Studies of Oxygen-Rich Late/Post-AGB Stars and Water Fountains: Development of a New Identification Method
• Interferometric confirmation of "water fountain" candidates
• A search for water maser emission toward obscured post-AGB star and planetary nebula candidates
• Wide Field CO Mapping in the Region of IRAS 19312+1950
• Do Water Fountain Jets Really Indicate the Onset of the Morphological Metamorphosis of Circumstellar Envelopes?
• FLASHING: New high-velocity H${}_2$O masers in IRAS 18286$-$0959
• Molecules in the peculiar age-defying source IRAS 19312+1950
• An infrared study of Galactic OH/IR stars. III. Variability properties of the Arecibo sample
• Database of Molecular Masers and Variable Stars
• The Effelsberg survey of FU~Orionis and EX~Lupi objects II. -- H${}_2$O maser observations