Hydrodynamic description of Hard-core Bosons on a Galileo ramp

Abstract

We study the quantum evolution of a cloud of hard-core bosons loaded on a one-dimensional optical lattice after its sudden release from a harmonic trap. Just after the trap has been removed, a linear ramp potential is applied, mimicking the so called Galileo ramp experiment. The non-equilibrium expansion of the bosonic cloud is elucidated through a hydrodynamical description which is compared to the exact numerical evolution obtained by exact diagonalization on finite lattice sizes. The system is found to exhibit a rich behavior showing in particular Bloch oscillations of a self-trapped condensate and an ejected particle density leading to two diverging entangled condensates. Depending on the initial density of the gas different regimes of Josephson-like oscillations are observed. At low densities, the trapped part of the cloud is in a superfluid phase that oscillates in time as a whole. At higher densities, the trapped condensate is in a mixed superfluid-Mott phase that show a breathing regime for steep enough potential ramps.

8 pages, 9 figures

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• Exact coherent states of a harmonically confined Tonks-Girardeau gas
• Quantum distillation: dynamical generation of low-entropy states of strongly correlated fermions in an optical lattice
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• Decoherence of Bell states by local interactions with a suddenly quenched spin environment
• Some speculations about local thermalization of nonequilibrium extended quantum systems
• Quasicondensation and off-diagonal long-range order of hard-core bosons during a free expansion
• A hydrodynamic approach to Stark localization
• Exact solution to a Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook-type equation for quantum lattice gases with dephasing noise
• Analytical solution of a free-fermion chain with time-dependent ramps
• Entanglement dynamics of a hard-core quantum gas during a Joule expansion