Universal impurity-induced bound state in topological superfluids

Abstract

We predict a universal mid-gap bound state in topological superfluids, induced by either non-magnetic or magnetic impurities in the strong scattering limit. This universal state is similar to the lowest-energy Caroli-de Gennes-Martricon bound state in a vortex core, but is bound to localized impurities. We argue that the observation of such a universal bound state can be a clear signature for identifying topological superfluids. We theoretically examine our argument for a spin-orbit coupled ultracold atomic Fermi gas trapped in a two-dimensional harmonic potential, by performing extensive self-consistent calculations within the mean-field Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory. A realistic scenario for observing universal bound state in ultracold ${}^{40}$K atoms is proposed.

5 pages + 4 figures; published in PRL; see the relevant study in 1D: Phys. Rev. A 87, 013622 (2013); see also the accompanying Physics Synopsis: http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.020401

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• Impurity- and Magnetic-field-induced Quasiparticle States in Chiral $p$-wave Superconductors
• Mobile magnetic impurities in a Fermi superfluid: a route to designer molecules
• Resolving different pairing states in Weyl superconductors through the single-particle spectrum
• Impurity-induced resonant states in topological nodal-line semimetals
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• Edge states and local electronic structure around an adsorbed impurity in a topological superconductor
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• Breaking and trapping Cooper pairs by Rydberg-molecule spectroscopy in atomic Fermi superfluids
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• Spectrum of a family of spin-orbit coupled Hamiltonians with singular perturbation
• Spin-orbit-induced bound state and molecular signature of the degenerate Fermi gas in a narrow Feshbach resonance
• Spin-orbit coupled repulsive Fermi atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice
• Chiral Majorana edge states in the vortex core of a $p+ip$ Fermi superfluid
• An oscillating Casimir potential between two impurities in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
• Evolution of structure, magnetic and transport properties of Fe${}_{1-x}$Mn${}_x$Se
• Probing Sign-Changing Order Parameters via Impurity States in unconventional superconductors: Implications for La${}_3$Ni${}_2$O${}_7$ Superconductors with interlayer pairing
• SU(2) Ginzburg-Landau theory for degenerate Fermi gases with synthetic non-Abelian gauge fields
• Layer-Resolved Impurity States Reveal Competing Pairing Mechanisms in Trilayer Nickelate Superconductor La${}_4$Ni${}_3$O${}_{10}$