Stochastic Pooling for Regularization of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
arXiv:1301.3557
Abstract
We introduce a simple and effective method for regularizing large convolutional neural networks. We replace the conventional deterministic pooling operations with a stochastic procedure, randomly picking the activation within each pooling region according to a multinomial distribution, given by the activities within the pooling region. The approach is hyper-parameter free and can be combined with other regularization approaches, such as dropout and data augmentation. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on four image datasets, relative to other approaches that do not utilize data augmentation.
9 pages
References in corpus (1)
Cited by in corpus (141)
- Striving for Simplicity: The All Convolutional Net
- Do Deep Nets Really Need to be Deep?
- Deeply-Supervised Nets
- An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks
- Random Erasing Data Augmentation
- Compressing Neural Networks with the Hashing Trick
- Pre-Processing-Free Gear Fault Diagnosis Using Small Datasets with Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Transfer Learning
- Large-Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networks
- Towards Dropout Training for Convolutional Neural Networks
- Supervised Learning of Semantics-Preserving Hash via Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
- Recent Advances in Convolutional Neural Networks
- Systematic evaluation of CNN advances on the ImageNet
- Training deep neural networks with low precision multiplications
- Deep Convolutional Ranking for Multilabel Image Annotation
- ReNet: A Recurrent Neural Network Based Alternative to Convolutional Networks
- GridMask Data Augmentation
- ECG arrhythmia classification using a 2-D convolutional neural network
- Pooling Methods in Deep Neural Networks, a Review
- Regularization for Deep Learning: A Taxonomy
- Understanding and Improving Convolutional Neural Networks via Concatenated Rectified Linear Units
- Preconditioned Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics for Deep Neural Networks
- A Comprehensive Overview and Comparative Analysis on Deep Learning Models: CNN, RNN, LSTM, GRU
- Data Augmentation in Natural Language Processing: A Novel Text Generation Approach for Long and Short Text Classifiers
- Deep Networks with Internal Selective Attention through Feedback Connections
- Swapout: Learning an ensemble of deep architectures
- Deep Learning of Representations: Looking Forward
- Generalizing Pooling Functions in Convolutional Neural Networks: Mixed, Gated, and Tree
- B-CNN: Branch Convolutional Neural Network for Hierarchical Classification
- APAC: Augmented PAttern Classification with Neural Networks
- What Do We Understand About Convolutional Networks?
- Application of Deep Learning methods to analysis of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes data
- Dynamic Routing Between Capsules
- Improving Deep Neural Networks with Probabilistic Maxout Units
- Batch-normalized Maxout Network in Network
- Fast, simple and accurate handwritten digit classification by training shallow neural network classifiers with the 'extreme learning machine' algorithm
- Robust Convolutional Neural Networks under Adversarial Noise
- Bridging the Gap between Stochastic Gradient MCMC and Stochastic Optimization
- An empirical analysis of dropout in piecewise linear networks
- Training Skinny Deep Neural Networks with Iterative Hard Thresholding Methods
- Lets keep it simple, Using simple architectures to outperform deeper and more complex architectures
- Automated detection of vulnerable plaque in intravascular ultrasound images
- Multi-Bias Non-linear Activation in Deep Neural Networks
- Deep Learning Convolutional Networks for Multiphoton Microscopy Vasculature Segmentation
- Probabilistic Binary Neural Networks
- HD-CNN: Hierarchical Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Large Scale Visual Recognition
- Efficiently utilizing complex-valued PolSAR image data via a multi-task deep learning framework
- Untangling Local and Global Deformations in Deep Convolutional Networks for Image Classification and Sliding Window Detection
- Competitive Multi-scale Convolution
- PatchNet: Hierarchical Deep Learning-Based Stable Patch Identification for the Linux Kernel
- Conditional Generative Moment-Matching Networks
- Fuzzy Pooling
- Noisy Softmax: Improving the Generalization Ability of DCNN via Postponing the Early Softmax Saturation
- Resolution learning in deep convolutional networks using scale-space theory
- Stacked Pooling: Improving Crowd Counting by Boosting Scale Invariance
- Max-margin Deep Generative Models
- Learning Kernel for Conditional Moment-Matching Discrepancy-based Image Classification
- Max-Pooling Dropout for Regularization of Convolutional Neural Networks
- Multi-View Deep Learning for Consistent Semantic Mapping with RGB-D Cameras
- Hierarchical Deep Learning Architecture For 10K Objects Classification
- Object Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks: A Survey
- Learning ordered pooling weights in image classification
- Adversarial Examples Detection in Deep Networks with Convolutional Filter Statistics
- A Deep Generative Deconvolutional Image Model
- Manifold Regularized Deep Neural Networks using Adversarial Examples
- Very Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Robust Speech Recognition
- A Review of Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Deep Neural Networks Architecture Search
- Wavelet Integrated CNNs for Noise-Robust Image Classification
- Convolutional Residual Memory Networks
- Numerical Methods and Analysis via Random Field Based Malliavin Calculus for Backward Stochastic PDEs
- LiftPool: Bidirectional ConvNet Pooling
- Multipartite Pooling for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
- A fusion method for multi-valued data
- Automatic Configuration of Deep Neural Networks with EGO
- Training Neural Networks by Using Power Linear Units (PoLUs)
- Deep Epitomic Convolutional Neural Networks
- Ordinal Pooling Networks: For Preserving Information over Shrinking Feature Maps
- CIFAR-10: KNN-based Ensemble of Classifiers
- From Maxout to Channel-Out: Encoding Information on Sparse Pathways
- Multi Layer Neural Networks as Replacement for Pooling Operations
- Towards accurate quantitative photoacoustic imaging: learning vascular blood oxygen saturation in 3D
- Latent Model Ensemble with Auto-localization
- Parallel Grid Pooling for Data Augmentation
- MS-Net: Multi-Modal Similarity Metric Learning based Deep Convolutional Network for Answer Selection
- Drop-Activation: Implicit Parameter Reduction and Harmonic Regularization
- On the Importance of Normalisation Layers in Deep Learning with Piecewise Linear Activation Units
- Invariant backpropagation: how to train a transformation-invariant neural network
- No more meta-parameter tuning in unsupervised sparse feature learning
- End-to-End Learning Local Multi-view Descriptors for 3D Point Clouds
- A Generative Model for Deep Convolutional Learning
- Long Short-Term Memory based Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition
- Learning Discriminative Features via Label Consistent Neural Network
- Collaborative Layer-wise Discriminative Learning in Deep Neural Networks
- Differentially Private Bayesian Neural Networks on Accuracy, Privacy and Reliability
- Inference with Hybrid Bio-hardware Neural Networks
- Generative Deep Deconvolutional Learning
- CUNet: A Compact Unsupervised Network for Image Classification
- Orthant Based Proximal Stochastic Gradient Method for -Regularized Optimization
- Adaptive Normalized Risk-Averting Training For Deep Neural Networks
- Simplified Stochastic Feedforward Neural Networks
- Universal Pooling -- A New Pooling Method for Convolutional Neural Networks
- Learning Machines Implemented on Non-Deterministic Hardware
- Improving the Resolution of CNN Feature Maps Efficiently with Multisampling
- Self-Orthogonality Module: A Network Architecture Plug-in for Learning Orthogonal Filters
- Universum Prescription: Regularization using Unlabeled Data
- Improving training of deep neural networks via Singular Value Bounding
- Compression of Deep Neural Networks on the Fly
- Unsupervised Feature Learning with C-SVDDNet
- Understanding Dropout: Training Multi-Layer Perceptrons with Auxiliary Independent Stochastic Neurons
- Reducing Artificial Neural Network Complexity: A Case Study on Exoplanet Detection
- Convolutional Neural Network on Three Orthogonal Planes for Dynamic Texture Classification
- Recent Advances in Convolutional Neural Network Acceleration
- Learn Faster and Forget Slower via Fast and Stable Task Adaptation
- Deep Global-Connected Net With The Generalized Multi-Piecewise ReLU Activation in Deep Learning
- S3Pool: Pooling with Stochastic Spatial Sampling
- Max-Margin Deep Generative Models for (Semi-)Supervised Learning
- Adma: A Flexible Loss Function for Neural Networks
- A Fully Trainable Network with RNN-based Pooling
- Adaptive Regularization via Residual Smoothing in Deep Learning Optimization
- Deep Learning Estimation of Absorbed Dose for Nuclear Medicine Diagnostics
- Deep Collaborative Learning for Visual Recognition
- Alpha-Integration Pooling for Convolutional Neural Networks
- Learning Non-Parametric Invariances from Data with Permanent Random Connectomes
- Convolution in Convolution for Network in Network
- CNNs are Globally Optimal Given Multi-Layer Support
- Pseudo-positive regularization for deep person re-identification
- Nonparametric Online Learning Using Lipschitz Regularized Deep Neural Networks
- Input Fast-Forwarding for Better Deep Learning
- Geometric Neural Phrase Pooling: Modeling the Spatial Co-occurrence of Neurons
- Stochastic Region Pooling: Make Attention More Expressive
- Multiple Instance Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Recognition
- Feature Fusion Detector for Semantic Cognition of Remote Sensing
- Efficient Modelling Across Time of Human Actions and Interactions
- Attention Incorporate Network: A network can adapt various data size
- Adopting Robustness and Optimality in Fitting and Learning
- Deep Trans-layer Unsupervised Networks for Representation Learning
- Multi-scale Convolution Aggregation and Stochastic Feature Reuse for DenseNets
- Class Interference Regularization
- Emergence of Selective Invariance in Hierarchical Feed Forward Networks
- Diagnosis of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea via Face Classification with Persistent Homology and Convolutional Neural Networks
- ECG beats classification via online sparse dictionary and time pyramid matching
- Regularizing Neural Networks via Stochastic Branch Layers