Charge and Spin Fractionalization Beyond the Luttinger Liquid Paradigm

Abstract

It is well established that at low energies one-dimensional (1D) fermionic systems are described by the Luttinger liquid (LL) theory, that predicts phenomena like spin-charge separation, and charge fractionalization into chiral modes. Here we show through the time evolution of an electron injected into a 1D t-J model, obtained with time-dependent density matrix renormalization group, that a further fractionalization of both charge and spin takes place beyond the hydrodynamic limit. Its dynamics can be understood at the supersymmetric point (J=2t) in terms of the excitations of the Bethe-Ansatz solution. Furthermore we show that fractionalization with similar characteristics extends to the whole region corresponding to a repulsive LL.

7 pages, 11 figures

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• Time-dependent variational principle with controlled bond expansion for matrix product states
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• Pseudoparticle approach to 1D integrable quantum models
• Wave packet dynamics in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model
• The fate of pairing and spin-charge separation in the presence of long-range antiferromagnetism
• Observation of spin-charge separation and boundary bound states via the local density of states
• Charge fractionalization beyond the Luttinger liquid paradigm: an analytical consideration
• Bethe strings in the spin dynamical structure factor of the Mott-Hubbard phase in one-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model
• Nonlinear effects on charge fractionalization in critical chains
• Possibility of hole confinement in the weak coupling regime of one dimensional ising antiferromagnet and the emergence of spin-charge separation in the bulk limit