Systematic Improvement of Classical Nucleation Theory

Abstract

We reconsider the applicability of classical nucleation theory (CNT) to the calculation of the free energy of solid cluster formation in a liquid and its use to the evaluation of interface free energies from nucleation barriers. Using two different freezing transitions (hard spheres and NaCl) as test cases, we first observe that the interface-free-energy estimates based on CNT are generally in error. As successive refinements of nucleation-barrier theory, we consider corrections due to a non-sharp solid-liquid interface and to a non-spherical cluster shape. Extensive calculations for the Ising model show that corrections due to a non-sharp and thermally fluctuating interface account for the barrier shape with excellent accuracy. The experimental solid nucleation rates that are measured in colloids are better accounted for by these non-CNT terms, whose effect appears to be crucial in the interpretation of data and in the extraction of the interface tension from them.

20 pages (text + supplementary material)

References in corpus (4)

• Crystal nucleation of hard spheres using molecular dynamics, umbrella sampling and forward flux sampling: A comparison of simulation techniques
• Rate of Homogeneous Crystal Nucleation in molten NaCl
• Surface Tension, Surface Stiffness, and Surface Width of the 3-dimensional Ising Model on a Cubic Lattice
• Irreducible finite-size effects in surface free energies from crystal-nucleation data

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