Pair-Instability Explosions: observational evidence

Abstract

It has been theoretically predicted many decades ago that extremely massive stars that develop large oxygen cores will become dynamically unstable, due to electron-positron pair production. The collapse of such oxygen cores leads to powerful thermonuclear explosions that unbind the star and can produce, in some cases, many solar masses of radioactive 56Ni. For many years, no examples of this process were observed in nature. Here, I briefly review recent observations of luminous supernovae that likely result from pair-instability explosions, in the nearby and distant Universe.

To appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 279 "Death of Massive Stars: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts", Nikko, Japan

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• Superluminous supernovae
• The superluminous supernova PS1-11ap: bridging the gap between low and high redshift
• Discovery and Early Multi-Wavelength Measurements of the Energetic Type Ic Supernova PTF12gzk: A Massive-Star Explosion in a Dwarf Host Galaxy
• Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the peculiar Type IIn SN 2012ab