Monte Carlo calculation of ion, electron, and photon spectra of xenon atoms in x-ray free-electron laser pulses

Abstract

When atoms and molecules are irradiated by an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL), they are highly ionized via a sequence of one-photon ionization and relaxation processes. To describe the ionization dynamics during XFEL pulses, a rate equation model has been employed. Even though this model is straightforward for the case of light atoms, it generates a huge number of coupled rate equations for heavy atoms like xenon, which are not trivial to solve directly. Here, we employ the Monte Carlo method to address this problem and we investigate ionization dynamics of xenon atoms induced by XFEL pulses at a photon energy of 4500 eV. Charge state distributions, photo-/Auger electron spectra, and fluorescence spectra are presented for x-ray fluences of up to $10^{13}$ photons/$\mu$m${}^2$. With the photon energy of 4500 eV, xenon atoms can be ionized up to +44 through multiphoton absorption characterized by sequential one-photon single-electron interactions.

arXiv comment8 pages, 6 figures

References in corpus (5)

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• Impact of hollow-atom formation on coherent x-ray scattering at high intensity
• Double core hole production in N2: Beating the Auger clock
• Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction at high x-ray intensity
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• Determination of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction coefficients at high x-ray intensity
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• Quantum coherence in the dynamical excitation, ionization, and decaying of neon gas induced by X-ray laser
• Neon in ultrashort and intense x rays from free electron lasers
• Interaction of molecular nitrogen with Free-Electron-Laser radiation
• Calculation of x-ray scattering patterns from nanocrystals at high x-ray intensity
• A molecular-dynamics approach for studying the non-equilibrium behavior of x-ray-heated solid-density matter
• Theoretical investigation of orbital alignment of x-ray-ionized atoms in exotic electronic configurations
• State-resolved ionization dynamics of neon atom induced by x-ray free-electron-laser pulses
• Simple model for sequential multiphoton ionization by ultra-intense x-rays
• Evolution of the ionic polarization in multiple sequential ionization: general equations and an illustrative example
• Compton spectra of atoms at high x-ray intensity
• Sequential single-photon and direct two-photon absorption processes for Xe interacting with attosecond XUV pulses
• Nonlinearity in the sequential absorption of multiple photons
• Carbon monoxide interacting with free-electron-laser pulses
• Dissociating diatomic molecules in ultrafast and intense light