N-body simulation of a clumpy torus: application to active galactic nuclei

Abstract

The gravitational properties of a torus are investigated. It is shown that a torus can be formed from test particles orbiting in the gravitational field of a central mass. In this case, a toroidal distribution is achieved because of the significant spread of inclinations and eccentricities of the orbits. To investigate the self-gravity of the torus we consider the $N$-body problem for a torus located in the gravitational field of a central mass. It is shown that in the equilibrium state the cross-section of the torus is oval with a Gaussian density distribution. The dependence of the obscuring efficiency on torus inclination is found.

11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS (minor revisions to match accepted version)

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• Three Einstein rings: explicit solution and numerical simulation
• The structure and stability of orbits in Hoag-like ring systems
• Analyzing temporal variations of AGN emission line profiles in the context of (dusty) cloud structure formation in the broad line region
• Apparent counter-rotation in the torus of NGC 1068: influence of an asymmetric wind
• Interior potential of a toroidal shell from pole values
• Dynamics and formation of obscuring tori in AGNs