Code-division multiplexing for x-ray microcalorimeters

Abstract

We demonstrate the code-division multiplexed (CDM) readout of eight transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The energy resolution is 3.0 eV (full width at half-maximum) or better at 5.9 keV, with a best resolution of 2.3 eV and a mean of 2.6 eV over the seven modulated detectors. The flux-summing CDM system is described and compared with similar time-division multiplexed (TDM) readout. We show that the sqrt(Npixels) multiplexing disadvantage associated with TDM is not present in CDM. This demonstration establishes CDM as both a simple route to higher performance in existing TDM microcalorimetric experiments and a long-term approach to reaching higher multiplexing factors.

To be published in Applied Physics Letters

References in corpus (1)

• Optimization and analysis of code-division multiplexed TES microcalorimeters

Cited by in corpus (8)

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• The use of low temperature detectors for direct measurements of the mass of the electron neutrino
• Optimising the multiplex factor of the frequency domain multiplexed readout of the TES-based microcalorimeter imaging array for the X-IFU instrument on the Athena Xray observatory
• On-sky performance of the SPT-3G frequency-domain multiplexed readout
• Frequency Shift Algorithm: Design of a Baseband Phase Locked Loop for Frequency-Domain Multiplexing Readout of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensor Microcalorimeters
• Development of microwave superconducting microresonators for neutrino mass measurement in the HOLMES framework