Searching for Majorana Fermions in 2D Spin-orbit Coupled Fermi Superfluids at Finite Temperature

Abstract

Recent experimental breakthrough in realizing spin-orbit (SO) coupling for cold atoms has spurred considerable interest in the physics of 2D SO coupled Fermi superfluids, especially topological Majorana fermions (MFs) which were predicted to exist at zero temperature. However, it is well known that long-range superfluid order is destroyed in 2D by the phase fluctuation at finite temperature and the relevant physics is the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. In this Letter, we examine finite temperature effects on SO coupled Fermi gases and show that finite temperature is indeed necessary for the observation of MFs. MFs are topologically protected by a quasiparticle energy gap which is found to be much larger than the temperature. The restrictions to the parameter region for the observation of MFs have been obtained.

5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett

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• First- and Second-Order Topological Superconductivity and Temperature-Driven Topological Phase Transitions in the Extended Hubbard Model with Spin-Orbit Coupling
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• Majorana fermions in one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases
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• Effects of spin-orbit coupling on the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and the vortex-antivortex structure in two-dimensional Fermi gases
• Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Transition in 2D Spin-Orbit Coupled Fulde-Ferrell Superfluids
• Pairing Superfluidity in Spin-Orbit Coupled Ultracold Fermi Gases
• Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov Phases in Two-dimensional Spin-Orbit Coupled Degenerate Fermi Gases
• The fate and heir of Majorana zero modes in a quantum wire array
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• Quantum Control in Open and Periodically Driven Systems
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• Effective Hamiltonians for quasi-one-dimensional Fermi gases with spin-orbit coupling
• Spin-orbit-coupled atomic Fermi gases in two-dimensional optical lattices in the presence of a Zeeman field
• Induced interactions in the BCS-BEC crossover of two-dimensional Fermi gases with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
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• Rashba and Weyl spin-orbit coupling in an optical lattice clock
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• Detecting chiral pairing and topological superfluidity using circular dichroism
• Superfluid weight and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature of spin-imbalanced and spin-orbit-coupled Fulde-Ferrell phases in lattice systems
• Influence of Induced Interactions on Superfluid Properties of Quasi-Two Dimensional Dilute Fermi Gases With Spin-Orbit Coupling
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