Existence and instability of standing waves with prescribed norm for a class of Schrödinger-Poisson equations

Abstract

In this paper we study the existence and the instability of standing waves with prescribed $L^2$-norm for a class of Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater equations in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$ %orbitally stable standing waves with arbitray charge for the following Schrödinger-Poisson type equation \label{evolution1} iψ_{t}+ Δψ- (|x|^{-1}*|ψ|^{2}) ψ+|ψ|^{p-2}ψ=0 % \text{in} \R^{3}, when $p\in (10/3,6)$. To obtain such solutions we look to critical points of the energy functional $$F(u)=1/2|▽u{|}_{L^2({\mathbb{R}}^3)}^2+1/4{\int }_{{\mathbb{R}}^3}{\int }_{{\mathbb{R}}^3}\frac{|u(x){|}^2|u(y){|}^2}{|x-y|}dxdy-\frac{1}{p}{\int }_{{\mathbb{R}}^3}|u{|}^{p}dx$$ on the constraints given by $$S(c)= \{u \in H^1(\mathbb{R}^3) :|u|_{L^2(\R^3)}^2=c, c>0}.$$ For the values $p\in (10/3,6)$ considered, the functional $F$ is unbounded from below on $S(c)$ and the existence of critical points is obtained by a mountain pass argument developed on $S(c)$. We show that critical points exist provided that $c>0$ is sufficiently small and that when $c>0$ is not small a non-existence result is expected. Concerning the dynamics we show for initial condition $u_0\in H^1({\mathbb{R}}^3)$ of the associated Cauchy problem with $|u_0{|}_2^2=c$ that the mountain pass energy level $\gamma (c)$ gives a threshold for global existence. Also the strong instability of standing waves at the mountain pass energy level is proved. Finally we draw a comparison between the Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater equation and the classical nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

41 pages

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